FIG 1 .

Germfree mice are hypersensitive to Listeria infection. Listeria counts were assessed in the small intestine (A), mesenteric lymph nodes (B), spleen (C), and liver (D) of conventional (CV) and germfree (GF) wild-type mice uninfected or orally infected with L. monocytogenes EGD-e wild-type (EGDe wt) for 24 h and 72 h (24 h p.i. and 72 h p.i.). Each dot represents one organ. Horizontal bars represent the mean for each condition. Statistical tests were performed using a Mann-Whitney test. Asterisks indicate a P value considered statistically significant (***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001); ns, nonsignificant difference.