Table 1. Deregulated ubiquitination of key substrates in different cancer types.

Deregulatedprotein		Substrate	Modification	Tumors	Reference(s)
MDM2 (HDM2)	↑	p53	Polyubiquitination	Non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, soft tissue carcinoma, colorectal cancer	[71],[72]
HAUSP	↓	p53, MDM2	De-ubiquitination	Non-small cell lung cancer, lymphoma	[73]
APC	↓	Cyclin B, securin	Polyubiquitination	Colorectal cancer	[8]
FANCL	↓	FANCD2	Monoubiquitination	Fanconi anaemia related cancers	[74]
CYLD	↓	IKKγ	De-ubiquitination	Cylindromatosis	[10]
IAP2	↓	BCL10	Polyubiquitination	MALT lymphomas	[75]
CBL	↓	RTKs	Multiple monoubiquitination	Lymphoma, AML, gastric carcinoma	[76]
pVHL	↓	HIF	Polyubiquitination	von Hippel-Lindau disease	[77],[78]
E6-AP		p53	Polyubiquitination	Human papillomavirus-positive cancer	[79]
SCFβ−TRCP	↑	IκB	Polyubiquitination	Colon cancer, prostate cancer, melanoma	[80]
KLHL20	↑	PML	Polyubiquitination	Human prostate cancer	[81]
USP9X	↑	MCL1	De-ubiquitination	Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, human follicular lymphomas	[82]
FBW7	↓	KLF5	Polyubiquitination	Breast cancer	[83]
ITCH	↑	LATS1	Polyubiquitination	Cancer cell lines (HeLa, MCF10A and MCF7)	[84],[85]
SIAH2	↑	C/EBPδ	Polyubiquitination	Breast cancer	[86]
ASB2α	↑	Filamin	Polyubiquitination	Myeloid leukemia	[87]
FBXO11 (mutation)		BCL6	Polyubiquitination	Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma	[88]
Ubiquilin-1	↑	BCL2L10/BCLb	Monoubiquitination	Lung adencarcinomas	[32]

↑ stands for up-regulation, and ↓ for down-regulation. MALT, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue; AML, acute myeloid leukemia.