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. 2013 Dec 24;4:528. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00528

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Copyright © 2013 Yoo and Blancaflor.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Abnormal tonoplast organization at the growing apex was observed in ark1 and agd1 root hair cells. Tonoplast was visualized by expressing GFP-TIP in the plants. (A) In wild-type, the vacuole (v) is maintained at a distance from the extreme root hair apex. (B–D) In the ark1 and agd1 root hairs the vacuolar membranes occasionally protrude into the extreme apex (arrows). Time-lapse movie sequences of corresponding still images are presented as Movies S6 (for wild-type), S7 (ark1), and S8 (for agd1). Bars = 20 μm.