Table 1.

A list of genetically encoded redox probes. The table does not include all reported probes, but a selection based on their biological applications.

Redox Probe	Main Analyte	Excitation Max. (nm)	Emission Max. (nm)	Comments
rxYFP [28,29]	glutathione redox potential	512	523	Midpoint redox potential (2GSH/GSSG): −261 mV
roGFP [27,33]	glutathione redox potential	405 and 488	510	Excitation-ratiometric; mutants with various redox potentials (∼ −230 to −300 mV) suitable for studies in different cell organelles; roGFP2 is widely used
rxYFP-Grx1p [31]	glutathione redox potential	512	523	Thiol–disulfide exchange with enhanced rate of response
Grx1-roGFP2 [32]	glutathione redox potential	405 and 488	510	Excitation-ratiometric; rapid equilibration with the glutathione redox pair;
HyPer [35,37,38]	hydrogen peroxide	420 and 500	516	HyPer3 [38] has the best dynamic range and reaction kinetics; respond to H2O2-induced oxidation and cell thiol reduction
roGFP2-Orp1 [34]	hydrogen peroxide	405 and 488	510	Respond to the balance between H2O2-induced oxidation and Trx or Grx-mediated thiol reduction
OHSer [39]	Organic hydroperoxide	519	526	Respond to organic hydroperoxides and organic alkoxyl radicals, as well as cell reduction
hsGFP [48]	hydrogen sulfide	483	512	Selectively react with H2S; cross-react with dithiothreitol (DTT)
pnGFP [49]	peroxynitrite	484	508	Highly selective to peroxynitrite; respond to high mM H2O2