Table 2. Characteristics of the studies presenting incidence rate of switching to second-line ART.

	Countries	Type of study	N	Minimumfollow-up	Definition of switchingto 2nd line ART	Number ofswitches	Incidence rate (95% CI)per 100 person-years
Orrell et al. [16]	South Africa	Observational	929	≥2 visits	PI introduction	36	4.74 (3.32–6.56)
Pujades-Rodriguezet al. [17]	Benin, Burkina Faso,Burundi, Cameroon,Ivory coast,Ethiopia, Guinea, Kenya,Malawi, Mozambique,Nigeria, Democratic Republicof the Congo, Tanzania,Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe	Observational	37,918	6 months	PI introduction withmodification of atleast 1 NRTI	250	0.42 (0.37–0.48)
Palombi et al. [18]	Guinea-Conakry,Malawi,Mozambique	Observational	3,749	≥2 visits	PI introduction	222	4.88 (4.26–5.57)
DART trial team –LCM [19]	Uganda, Zimbabwe	Randomized trial	1,656	≥2 visits	PI introduction	361	4.79 (4.31–5.32)
DART Trial Team –CDM [19]	Uganda, Zimbabwe	Randomized trial	1,660	≥2 visits	PI introduction	314	4.24 (3.78–4.74)
Keiser et al. [20]	Côte d’Ivoire, Kenya,Malawi, Uganda, Rwanda,Senegal, South Africa,Zambia, Zimbabwe	Observational	7,865	6 months	PI introduction withmodification of at least 1 NRTI	208	2.70 (2.35–3.09)
Landier et al. [21]	Mali	Observational	865	≥2 visits	PI introduction	40	3.27 (2.33–4.45)
Auld et al. [22]	Mozambique	Observational	2,596	≥2 visits	PI introduction withmodification of atleast 1 NRTI	24	0.69 (0.44–1.03)
Keiser et al. –With viral loadmonitoring [23]	Malawi, South Africa,Zambia	Observational	18,706	≥2 visits	PI introduction withmodification of atleast 1 NRTI	899	3.29 (3.27–3.32)
Keiser et al. –No viral loadmonitoring [23]	Malawi, South Africa,Zambia	Observational	80,937	≥2 visits	PI introduction withmodification of atleast 1 NRTI	1,369	0.93 (0.92–0.94)
Laurent et al. –LCM arm [8]	Cameroon	Randomized trial	221	≥2 visits	PI introduction	13	3.60 (1.92–6.16)
Laurent et al. –CDM arm [8]	Cameroon	Randomized trial	238	≥2 visits	PI introduction	0	0.00 (0.00–0.01)

NA: not available.