Table 1. Anthropometric and biochemical characteristics of control and diabetic subjects.
| Control | Type 1 Diabetes | P-value | |
| Anthropometric | |||
| Males∶Females | 3∶6 | 4∶5 | 1.00 |
| Age (years) | 54±11 | 53±10 | 0.91 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25±2 | 26±4 | 0.65 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 86±13 | 93±11 | 0.45 |
| Body fat (%) - Males | 26+7 | 21+9 | 0.40 |
| Body fat (%) - Females | 36+7 | 40+3 | 0.35 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 119±20 | 138±25 | 0.13 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 74±19 | 88±14 | 0.21 |
| Biochemical Plasma Levels | |||
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.1±0.4 | 4.8±0.7 | 0.71 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.1±0.5 | 2.9±0.5 | 0.62 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.5±0.3 | 1.5±0.3 | 0.47 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 0.80±0.20 | 0.91±0.2 | 0.20 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.0±0.4 | 7.1±3.4 | 0.052 |
| Insulin (mU/L) | 5.7±4.4 | 3.4±3.6 | 0.20 |
| Dietary Intake * | |||
| Total kcal | 1607±379 | 1756±638 | 0.84 |
| Carbohydrate (%) | 55±9 | 44±8 | 0.02 |
| Protein (%) | 19±4 | 21±4 | 0.38 |
| Fat (%) | 24±6 | 36±10 | 0.02 |
| Saturated fat (%) | 7.6±2.5 | 11.4±4.9 | 0.08 |
| Monounsaturated fat (%) | 7.6±2.7 | 11.1±6.6 | 0.25 |
| Polyunsaturated fat (%) | 4.4±1.8 | 5.6±3.0 | 0.53 |
| Cholesterol (mg) | 201±132 | 220±195 | 0.78 |
| Fiber (g) | 22±13 | 20±9 | 0.71 |
| Sugars (g) | 90±20 | 48±24 | <0.01 |
*
Dietary intake estimated from 3-day food records; dietary carbohydrate, protein, and fat are described as percent total energy intake. Data reported mean ± SD.