Table 1. Plant extracts chosen from the literature [9], [13], [14], [16], [21], [53] for their effects on insects, non-toxicity to humans and main compounds.
Common name | Scientific name | Extract form,extracted organ | Major compounds (%)1 | Provider |
Aframomum | Aframomum pruinosum | Essential oil, leaf | E-(R)-nerolidol (95%) | IBMM*, France |
Cinnamon | Cinnamomum zeylanicum | Essential oil, bark | Cinnamaldehyde (80%) | Nactis, France |
Citronella | Cymbopogon winterianus | Essential oil, leaf | citronellal (34%) – geraniol (22%) –citronellol (12%) | Nactis, France(Lot 4001850) |
Coleus | Plectranthus tenuicaulis | Essential oil, leaf | Epoxyocimene (74.4%) | IBMM, France |
Coriander | Coriandrum sativum | Essential oil, seed | (+)-linalool (72%) | Fabster, France |
Cumin | Cuminum cyminum | Essential oil, seed | Cuminaldehyde (30%) | Ipra, France(Lot 902560) |
Dill | Anethum graveolens | Essential oil, seed | (+)-carvone (60%) – limonene (30%) | IBMM, France |
Eucalyptus | Eucalyptus globulus | Essential oil, leaf | 1,8-cineole (81%) | Huiles & Sens, France(Lot B38037) |
Geranium | Pelargonium graveolens | Essential oil, leaf | citronellol (41%) – geraniol (18%) | IBMM, France |
Ginger | Zingiber officinalis | Essential oil, root | Zingiberene (30%) | Ipra, France(Lot 902724) |
Lemon | Citrus limon | Essential oil, fruit | Limonene (95%) | Capua, Italy(Lot 20500) |
Lemongrass | Cymbopogon citratus | Essential oil, leaf | Citral (geranial, neral) (75%) | IBMM, France |
Litsea | Litsea cubeba | Essential oil, leaf | Geranial (45%), neral (32%) | IBMM, France |
Pennyroyal | Mentha pulegium | Essential oil, leaf | (+)-pulegone (87%) | IBMM, France |
Neem | Melia azadirachta | Vegetal oil, seed | azadirachtin (<1%) | Huiles & Sens, France(Lot 00028/11) |
Pepper | Piper nigrum | Essential oil, seed | ß-caryophyllene (30%), limonene (14%),pinenes (14%) | IBMM, France |
Rosemary | Rosmarinus officinalis | Biologic hydrolat, leaf | 1,8-cineole (<1%), camphene (<1%),camphor (<1%) | Huiles & Sens, France(Lot EB815N002) |
Savory | Satureja montana | Essential oil, leaf | Carvacrol (47%), γ-terpinene (18%),p-cymene (13%) | Huiles & Sens, France(Lot B854002) |
Solidage | Solidago canadensis | Essential oil, leaf | Germacrene D (32%) - Limonene (13%) | Huiles & Sens, France (Lot A2) |
Thyme | Thymus vulgaris L. | Essential oil, leaf | Thymol (35%), p-cymene (23%),carvacrol (15%) | Huiles & Sens, France (Lot A2) |
The percentage composition of the essential oil xas computed by the normalization method from GC/FID analyses, response factors being taken as one for all compounds.
Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Montpellier, France.