Table 2.

Between-individual correlations (r) between four agonistic behaviours within- and across-breeding contexts (laying versus incubation). (Estimates were derived from a cross-environment multi-variate mixed-effect model where each of four agonistic behaviours (calls, approach distance, occurrence of attack and songs) was fitted as a separate response variable for each breeding context (i.e. eight response variables), with random intercepts for individual identity. (a) Between-individual correlations between the same agonistic behaviour across the two contexts; (b) between-individual correlations between two different agonistic behaviours within breeding contexts (i.e. both behaviour 1 and 2 are measured within the same context) and across breeding contexts (i.e. behaviour 1 is measured during laying and behaviour 2 instead during incubation or vice versa). We give point estimates for each parameter with their 95% CI.)

	within-breeding context correlations		cross-breeding context correlations
context 1–context 2	laying–laying	incubation–incubation	laying–incubation	incubation–laying
behaviour 1–behaviour 2	r (95% CI)	r (95% CI)	r (95% CI)	r (95% CI)
(a) same behaviour
calls–calls	—	—	0.58 (0.34, 0.72)
approach–approach	—	—	0.51 (0.31, 0.60)
attack–attack	—	—	0.34 (−0.14, 0.65)
songs–songs	—	—	0.45 (0.32, 0.62)
(b) different behaviours
calls–approach	0.67 (0.53, 0.77)	0.53 (0.35, 0.67)	0.32 (0.12, 0.49)	0.34 (0.12, 0.50)
calls–attack	0.72 (0.51, 0.83)	0.67 (0.34, 0.88)	0.28 (−0.16, 0.61)	0.27 (0.03, 0.50)
calls–songs	−0.80 (−0.88, −0.71)	−0.73 (−0.82, −0.62)	−0.37 (−0.54, −0.20)	−0.73 (−0.83, −0.62)
approach–attack	0.86 (0.78, 0.91)	0.64 (0.46, 0.78)	0.34 (−0.03, 0.63)	0.44 (0.22, 0.61)
approach–songs	−0.54 (−0.67, −0.39)	−0.28 (−0.44, −0.11)	−0.18 (−0.32, 0.03)	−0.34 (−0.48, −0.10)
attack–songs	−0.56 (−0.68, −0.40)	−0.44 (−0.66, −0.17)	−0.15 (−0.32, 0.08)	−0.31 (−0.60, 0.08)