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PWR was determined by multiplying the aortic pressure by aortic flow. Aortic pressure was measured with a micromanometer in the descending aorta. Aortic flow was measured with a transit time flow meter in the ascending aorta. The PWR integral was calculated as the time integral for each cardiac cycle. The PWR integral was then compared with SW, which was measured using a conductance catheter in the left ventricle.
