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. 2013 Nov 19;1(6):e00163. doi: 10.1002/phy2.163

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© 2013 The Authors. Physiological Reports published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Physiological Society and The Physiological Society

Re-use of this article is permitted in accordance with the Creative Commons Deed, Attribution 2.5, which does not permit commercial exploitation.

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Reduction in contrast-induced inflammation by PACAP. Treatment of eNOS-deficient mice with Urografin caused an increase in the kidney levels of TNF-α (A), TGF-β1 (C), MCP-1 (E), and IFN-γ (E). The kidney levels of the mRNA for TNF-α (B), TGF-β1 (D), and MCP-1 (F) were also increased in the Urografin-treated mice. Treatment of eNOS-deficient mice with PACAP reduced the Urografin-induced changes in both kidney protein and mRNA levels of these cytokines (A–F). The kidney mRNA levels of Il-6 and fibronectin were also increased by treatment with Urografin (F). *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 compared to the mice treated only with Urografin. Bars represent the mean ± SE. PACAP, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide; eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase.