Figure 4.
OXA increases INS-1 cell proliferation via the AKT signaling pathway. INS-1 cells were treated with OXA (10−6 M) for 20 min in the presence of PF-04691502 (AKTi) (10−6 M), wortmannin (PI3Ki) (10−8 M), SB334867 (OX1Ri) (10−6 M), or the combination of these antagonists. The phosphorylation of AKT (p-AKT) (corresponds to 60 kDa) was normalized against the total protein (t-AKT) activation. The t-AKT protein expression was used as an internal control for equal protein loading. Protein activation was measured by western blot analysis. Data are presented as mean ± SEM based on triplicate determinations from a representative experiment. Asterisks indicate significant differences compared to control samples (*P < 0.05).