Figure 5.
Effects of OXA on the proliferation and viability of INS-1 cells via stimulation of the AKT signaling pathway. Cells were exposed to OXA at concentrations of 0 M and 10−8 M for 24 h in the presence or absence of PF-04691502 (AKTi) (10−6 M), wortmannin (PI3Ki) (10−8 M), SB334867 (OX1Ri) (10−6 M), or a combination of these antagonists. In addition, cells were incubated with AKTi, PI3Ki, OX1Ri without OXA treatment for 24 h. Proliferation and viability were determined by BrdU assay and MTT test. Data are presented as mean ± SEM based on triplicate determinations from a representative experiment. Asterisks indicate significant differences when compared to controls (*P < 0.05).