Table 2.

Genes regulated by Sox2 and their corresponding roles

Genes	Roles of genes regulated by Sox2	References
C-Myc	Promotes cell proliferation, regulates cell growth, apoptosis, differentiation and self-renewal of stem cell
WNT1	Acts in oncogenesis and several developmental processes including regulation of cell fate and patterning during embryogenesis
WNT2	Plays an essential role in carcinogenesis of the esophagus, suppresses anoikis, enhances anchorage-independent sphere formation, and increases metastatic propensity in pancreatic cancer
WNT7B	Plays important roles in the development and progression of gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, and pancreatic cancer
NOTCH1	A receptor of membrane bound ligands that promotes differentiation of progenitor cells into astroglia
NOTCH3	Associated with CADASIL(cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy)
KLF4	A good indicator of stem-like capacity and required for the accumulation of β-catenin at the Tert promoter	[35]
EGFR	Autophosphorylation elicits downstream activation and signaling that modulate DNA synthesis, cell proliferation, cell migration and adhesion
BCL10	Induces apoptosis and activates NF-kappaB
JUN	Transcriptional factor associated with transformation
JAK1	Essential for signaling for certain type I and type II cytokines and important in initiating responses to multiple major cytokine receptor families
YAP1	Plays an important role in the clonogenicity and growth of pancreatic cancer cells and recruits c-Abl to protect AMOTL1 against Nedd 4.2-mediated degradation
Sox1	Involved in development of early central nervous system and maintenance of neural progenitor cell identity
Sox18	Plays roles in hair, blood vessel, and lymphatic vessel development and act as a transcriptional regulator
GPR37	Induces cellular autophagy
PCDH10	Involved in angiogenesis and methylation and acts as a tumor suppressor gene	[36]
PCDH9	May involved in specific neuronal connections and signal transduction
PCDHB11	Unknown
PCDHGA3	Unknown
PCDHGC3	Unknown
ST14	Plays its roles in cancer invasion and metastasis
MTSS1	Promotes cell-cell junction assembly and stability, regulates EGF signaling in HNSSC and function as tumor suppressor
NGFRAP1	Unknown
FGFR2	Plays important roles in embryonic development and tissue repair, especially bone and blood vessels, mediates cell division, growth and differentiation	[31]
JUN	As described above
CDKN2C	Prevents the activation of the CDK kinases and controls cell cycle G1 progression, regulates spermatogenesis and suppresses tumorigenesis
Oct 4	Regulates pluripotency and early cell differentiation	[29]
TGF-β	Controls tumor progression and metastasis
Cyclin E	Plays critical roles in in the G1-S phase transition and tumorigenesis, phosphorylates retinoblastoma, p27, p21, Smad 3 and p220
p27	Binds and inhibits activity of cyclin kinase, causes cells arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle	[30]
Survivin	Inhibits caspase activation and Bax and Fas-induced apoptosis
Cyclin D1	Regulates CDK kinases and thus alters cell cycle progression, may contribute to tumorigenesis	[22]
Nanog	Transcriptional activator for the Rex1 promoter and involved with self-renewal of undifferentiated embryonic stem cells
Cdx2	Associated with intestinal inflammation and tumorigenesis, required to form the placenta, directs early embryogenesis and induces acute myeloid leukemia	[38]
MUC2	Component of a gel that protects the intestinal epithelium
Jag1	Plays a role in hematopoiesis and associated with Alagille syndrome
Gli3	A mediators of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling and play a role during embryogenesis, associated with several diseases, including Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome, Pallister-Hall syndrome	[39]
Mycn	Associated with Feingold syndromes and a variety of tumors including neuroblastomas
CD133	Unknown	[41]
Sox21	Promotes neuronal cellular differentiation and prevents hair loss	[42]
Cyclin D1	As described above
FGFR2	As described above
SMARCA1	Regulates transcription of certain genes by altering the chromatin structure
CXCL10	Attributes to chemoattraction for monocytes/macrophages, T cells, NK cells, and dendritic cells, and promotes T cell adhesion to endothelial cells, antitumor activity, and inhibits bone marrow colony formation and angiogenesis	[43]
CSTA	Functions as a cysteine protease inhibitor and plays roles in epidermal development and maintenance
MME	Endopeptidase that cleaves peptides at the amino side of hydrophobic residues and inactivates several peptide hormones including glucagon, enkephalins, substance P, neurotensin, oxytocin, and bradykinin
ZNF407	Unknown