Table 4. (Un)adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the risk of hospitalization for COPD for women within each of the exposure age categories: 0–9 years, 10–17 years, and ≥18 years who reported to be moderately or severely exposed to famine compared to those who reported to be unexposed to famine.
| Crude model | Multivariable model 1 | ||||
| Age at famine categories | Number of cases | Hazard ratio | 95% CI | Hazard ratio | 95% CI |
| 0 to 9 years | |||||
| Unexposed | 30 | 1.00 | reference | 1.00 | reference |
| Moderately exposed | 34 | 1.47 | 0.90 to 2.40 | 1.39 | 0.83 to 2.30 |
| Severely exposed | 14 | 1.42 | 0.75 to 2.68 | 1.35 | 0.71 to 2.57 |
| P for trend | 0.17 | 0.25 | |||
| 10 to 17 years | |||||
| Unexposed | 34 | 1.00 | reference | 1.00 | reference |
| Moderately exposed | 40 | 1.27 | 0.80 to 2.00 | 1.12 | 0.70 to 1.79 |
| Severely exposed | 28 | 1.99 | 1.21 to 3.28 | 1.66 | 0.99 to 2.77 |
| P for trend | 0.009 | 0.07 | |||
| ≥18 years | |||||
| Unexposed | 4 | 1.00 | reference | 1.00 | reference |
| Moderately exposed | 15 | 3.24 | 1.07 to 9.76 | 2.31 | 0.73 to 7.35 |
| Severely exposed | 5 | 2.71 | 0.73 to 10.09 | 1.81 | 0.45 to 7.28 |
| P for trend | 0.10 | 0.40 | |||
Multivariable model 1: Adjusted for age at start of the famine (October 1, 1944), smoking (never/past/current smoker and pack years), and level of education (low/intermediate/high; socioeconomic status proxy).