Table 4. Factors associated with glomerular filtration rate equation biasa in HIV-positive and HIV-negative participants.
| Factor | HIV-positive | HIV-negative | |||
| eGFRcr | eGFRcys | eGFRcr | eGFRcys | ||
| Age, years | ≤49 | −1.9 (−16.2, 10.7) | −16.4 (−24.9, 1.3) | −9.9 (−23.2, 3.8) | −12.6 (−21.6, 2.0) |
| >49 | 0.7 (−7.9, 9.5) | −14.2 (−29.2, 2.0) | −5.8 (−17.6, 1.6) | −13.9 (−25.9, 0.7) | |
| P valueb | 0.30 | 0.76 | 0.50 | 0.44 | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | ≤26 | −2.6 (−12.6, 10.4) | −17.7 (−30.7, −1.8) | −8.9 (−23.0, 1.4) | −13.0 (−21.6, 0.1) |
| >26 | 0.9 (−11.3, 10.3) | −12.3 (−24.3, −1.6) | −8.0 (−15.6, 3.8) | −12.6 (−25.9, 1.9) | |
| P valueb | 0.61 | 0.33 | 0.18 | 0.84 | |
| Sex | Female | 6.5 (−5.3, 17.5) | −12.8 (−26.2, −1.6) | −1.4 (−8.0, 13.2) | −13.3 (−17.8, −4.5) |
| Male | −4.6 (−14.5, 7.0) | −17.1 (−28.8, −1.9) | −10.3 (−20.4, −1.4) | −12.3 (−24.5, 3.1) | |
| P valueb | 0.0011 | 0.66 | 0.0049 | 0.78 | |
| mGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | <90 | 4.5 (−5.0, 18.7) | −7.9 (−21.7, 0.4) | 6.0 (−5.2, 16.3) | −7.5 (−13.9, 8.0) |
| ≥90 | −4.5 (−16.2, 7.5) | −19.9 (−30.9, −3.4) | −10.3 (−20.6, −1.0) | −13.5 (−26.0, −2.5) | |
| P valueb | 0.0001 | 0.0039 | 0.0002 | 0.0080 | |
| Hepatitis C serostatus | Negative | −0.9 (−12.4, 13.8) | −6.8 (−24.2, 2.1) | −9.9 (−19.6, 4.2) | −8.0 (−20.3, 5.0) |
| Positive | −1.7 (−11.7, 9.1) | −21.1 (−28.8, −6.0) | −8.8 (−15.9, 1.2) | −21.6 (−33.4, −12.9) | |
| P valueb | 0.67 | 0.0012 | 0.97 | 0.0006 | |
| High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, mg/dl | ≤1.8 | −1.4 (−10.3, 10.3) | −16.3 (−30.2, 2.0) | −9.7 (−20.2, 1.6) | −13.5 (−25.0, 1.9) |
| >1.8 | −0.2 (−12.6, 10.7) | −15.9 (−25.0, 1.1) | −7.0 (−15.8, 3.8) | −10.4 (−22.4, −3.3) | |
| P valueb | 0.96 | 0.72 | 0.48 | 0.79 | |
| Percentage activated CD4 cells | ≤Medianc | −2.0 (−13.5, 8.0) | −6.4 (−22.6, 0.3) | −8.8 (−18.9, 5.5) | −11.1 (−18.3, 1.9) |
| >Medianc | −1.1 (−11.0, 13.0) | −21.6 (−33.6, −8.4) | −8.9 (−16.7, 0.6) | −16.3 (−25.2, 2.5) | |
| P valueb | 0.53 | <0.0001 | 0.87 | 0.12 | |
| Percentage activated CD8 cells | ≤Medianc | −3.9 (−14.5, 9.2) | −7.6 (−21.7, 0.7) | −6.1 (−19.0, 5.3) | −11.4 (−22.6, 4.5) |
| >Medianc | 1.0 (−9.7, 12.8) | −21.7 (−31.9, −5.9) | −10.0 (−17.6, −1.2) | −13.0 (−25.2, 3.3) | |
| P valueb | 0.20 | 0.0003 | 0.34 | 0.25 | |
| Taking antiretroviral therapy | Yes | −1.0 (−12.4, 10.7) | −14.2 (−27.4, −1.1) | ||
| No | −3.0 (−16.5, 8.3) | −25.7 (−47.0, −21.0) | |||
| P valueb | 0.61 | 0.0014 | |||
| Nadir CD4 count, cells/mm3 | >150 | −5.3 (−19.8, 7.0) | −20.3 (−30.7, −3.3) | ||
| ≤150 | 4.0 (−7.2, 12.9) | −11.5 (−25.0, 0) | |||
| P valueb | 0.0009 | 0.056 | |||
| CD4 count, cells/mm3 | >450 | −2.0 (−14.5, 8.0) | −12.2 (−24.2, −0.4) | ||
| ≤450 | −0.1 (−9.5, 13.6) | −19.8 (−31.6, −4.8) | |||
| P valueb | 0.20 | 0.032 | |||
| HIV RNA, copies/ml | ≤400 | −0.2 (−12.0, 9.5) | −10.0 (−24.1, −0.6) | ||
| >400 | −3.6 (−12.4, 12.9) | −28.0 (−45.4, −18.7) | |||
| P valueb | 0.63 | <0.0001 | |||
eGFRcr and eGFRcys are glomerular filtration rates estimated by CKD-EPI equations using plasma creatinine and cystatin C, respectively; mGFR, measured glomerular filtration rate by iohexol clearance.
a
Bias defined as median difference between estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and measured GFR (25th percentile, 75th percentile).
b
P values in bold font indicate difference is statistically significant accounting for multiple comparisons (see text).
c
Medians 8.3% and 3.8% in HIV-positive and HIV-negative groups, respectively.
d
Medians 30.7% and 10.7% in HIV-positive and HIV-negative groups, respectively.