Table 1.

Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) (Schopler et al., 1980).

1.	Disorder in human relationship (i.e., no appreciation by the individual of the interest that other people show for him/her)
2.	Mimicking (i.e., the extent to which the patient mimics)
3.	Improper emotions (e.g., the unsuitable timing of emotions such as laughing and crying)
4.	Bizarre use of bodily movements and persistence to stereotypy
5.	Peculiar relations with objects (e.g., correct use of objects)
6.	Resistance to changes in the environment
7.	Idiosyncratic optic reactions (e.g., avoidance of eye contact)
8.	Idiosyncratic acoustic reactions (avoidance of or exaggerated reaction to noise)
9.	Putting objects in mouth, licking, smelling, and rubbing
10.	Stress reactions (e.g., intensity of repression)
11.	Verbal communication (e.g., lack of speech, echolalia, replacement of personal pronouns)
12.	Nonverbal communication (e.g., use of or response to gestures)
13.	Extreme levels of activity (e.g., apathy or hyperactivity)
14.	Mental function (i.e., lack of homogeneity of cognitive characteristics)
15.	General impressions (e.g., general ranking)

Legend to table: ranking of symptoms: 1, normal for age; 2, mild disorder; 3, moderate disorder; 4, serious disorder. For each of these 15 items a cumulative score is derived by summing 1–4 points for each item.