Table 1.

Mean ± SD of measured study outcomes between the experimental and control groups

	Thermoneutral, 24°C				P-valuea	Hot, 38°C				P-valuea
	Pre-test		Post-test			Pre-test		Post-test
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD		Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Time to exhaustion, minutes
EXP	17.3	1.8	18.1	2.6	NS	16.6	2.2	17.7	2.5	<0.05
CON	15.9	1.8	16.1	1.8	NS	15.2	1.9	15.6	2.4	NS
VO2max, mL · kg−1 · minutes−1
EXP	53.8	5.2	53.0	6.5	NS	52.3	8.2	53.4	6.7	NS
CON	52.4	4.7	52.4	4.1	NS	49.2	3.3	50.6	5.2	NS
Heart rate maximal, beats · minutes−1
EXP	196.1	9.2	186.9	6.7	<0.05	197	10.1	186.9	6.7	<0.05
CON	194.7	10.2	186.9	5.4	<0.05	195	12.2	190.1	5.3	NS
O2-pulse maximal, mL · beat−1
EXP	18.8	2.9	20.0	3.9	<0.05	18.3	3.7	20.2	3.8	<0.05
CON	17.4	2.2	18.2	3.9	NS	16.2	2.0	17.0	2.4	NS
Total sweat loss, kg · m2 · hour−1
EXP	0.64b	0.36	0.47b	0.16	NS	1.26	0.47	1.41	0.55	NS
CON	0.60b	0.30	0.46	0.30	NS	1.14	0.30	0.65	0.30	<0.05
Peak Tsk, °C
EXP	32.4	0.60	32.2	0.20	NS	35.9	0.80	35.7	0.50	NS
CON	32.2	0.50	32	0.60	NS	36.2	0.80	35.1	0.30	NS

Notes:

^aPre- and post-test comparison

^bP < 0.05 compared to hot conditions.

Abbreviations: Pre-test, baseline measurement; Post-test, follow-up measurement; EXP, experimental group; CON, control group; NS, not statistically significant; T_sk, mean skin temperature; SD, standard deviation; VO_2max, maximum volume of oxygen.