Table 1.
Thermoneutral, 24°C
|
P-valuea | Hot, 38°C
|
P-valuea | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-test
|
Post-test
|
Pre-test
|
Post-test
|
|||||||
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |||
Time to exhaustion, minutes | ||||||||||
EXP | 17.3 | 1.8 | 18.1 | 2.6 | NS | 16.6 | 2.2 | 17.7 | 2.5 | <0.05 |
CON | 15.9 | 1.8 | 16.1 | 1.8 | NS | 15.2 | 1.9 | 15.6 | 2.4 | NS |
VO2max, mL · kg−1 · minutes−1 | ||||||||||
EXP | 53.8 | 5.2 | 53.0 | 6.5 | NS | 52.3 | 8.2 | 53.4 | 6.7 | NS |
CON | 52.4 | 4.7 | 52.4 | 4.1 | NS | 49.2 | 3.3 | 50.6 | 5.2 | NS |
Heart rate maximal, beats · minutes−1 | ||||||||||
EXP | 196.1 | 9.2 | 186.9 | 6.7 | <0.05 | 197 | 10.1 | 186.9 | 6.7 | <0.05 |
CON | 194.7 | 10.2 | 186.9 | 5.4 | <0.05 | 195 | 12.2 | 190.1 | 5.3 | NS |
O2-pulse maximal, mL · beat−1 | ||||||||||
EXP | 18.8 | 2.9 | 20.0 | 3.9 | <0.05 | 18.3 | 3.7 | 20.2 | 3.8 | <0.05 |
CON | 17.4 | 2.2 | 18.2 | 3.9 | NS | 16.2 | 2.0 | 17.0 | 2.4 | NS |
Total sweat loss, kg · m2 · hour−1 | ||||||||||
EXP | 0.64b | 0.36 | 0.47b | 0.16 | NS | 1.26 | 0.47 | 1.41 | 0.55 | NS |
CON | 0.60b | 0.30 | 0.46 | 0.30 | NS | 1.14 | 0.30 | 0.65 | 0.30 | <0.05 |
Peak Tsk, °C | ||||||||||
EXP | 32.4 | 0.60 | 32.2 | 0.20 | NS | 35.9 | 0.80 | 35.7 | 0.50 | NS |
CON | 32.2 | 0.50 | 32 | 0.60 | NS | 36.2 | 0.80 | 35.1 | 0.30 | NS |
Notes:
Pre- and post-test comparison
P < 0.05 compared to hot conditions.
Abbreviations: Pre-test, baseline measurement; Post-test, follow-up measurement; EXP, experimental group; CON, control group; NS, not statistically significant; Tsk, mean skin temperature; SD, standard deviation; VO2max, maximum volume of oxygen.