FIGURE 5.

Early chronic administration of RS 67333 reduces astrogliosis and microgliosis in 5XFAD mice. One-month-old 5XFAD females were treated according to protocol 1 (1 mg/kg RS 67333 twice a week for 3 months). Representative images of hippocampus sections from controls (vehicle) and treated mice show GFAP [(A,B) in red and pseudo-colored in white, respectively], IBA1 [(D) in red], thioflavin T [(A,B,D) in green] and Hoechst staining [(A,D) in blue]. Images in A are mosaics, 10× objective; images in (B) are higher magnifications (40× objective) of distinct plaques indicated by white arrowheads in (A). Quantification of GFAP (C) and IBA1 (E) staining, markers of astroglia and microglia, respectively. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. ^*p < 0.05 compared with vehicle (unpaired Student’s t test). GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein; IBA1, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1; Cx, cortex; cc, corpus callosum; CA1 and 3, cornu ammonis areas 1 and 3; DG, dentate gyrus; GC, granule cells; Hil, hilus.