. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jul 9.

Published in final edited form as: Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2013 Jul 9;6(4):10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.113.000121. doi: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.113.000121

Table 3.

Change in Cognition According to Length of Follow-up

Length of Follow-up Lead Author^{(reference #)}	n	Cognitive Change over Time
≤ 6 months
Almeida & Tamai¹⁷	81	Improvement^†^*, Stable^‡
Ghali, et al.²⁷	170	Improvement^†^*, Stable^†
Karlsson, et al.²⁸	146	Stable^*^†
Kindermann, et al.²⁰	70	Improvement^†^*, Stable^†, Decline^‡
Petrucci, et al.²¹	93	Improvement^†^*
Riegel, et al.²²	279	Stable^*
Schall, et al.²³	54	Stable^*
Zuccala, et al.²⁵	1151	Improvement^†^*^†
Zuccala, et al.²⁶	1220	Improvement^†^*^†

6 to ≤12 months
Grimm, et al.¹⁹	110	Improvement^†^*
Stanek, et al.²⁴	70	Improvement^†^*, Stable^‡

>12 months
Almeida, et al.¹⁶	231	Decline^‡
Bornstein, et al.^¶¹⁸	62	Improvement^†^*^†
Hjelm, et al.¹⁴	702	Decline^‡
Qiu, et al.¹⁵	1301	Decline^‡

compared to self at baseline

^†

compared to a control group of HF patients who did not receive the treatment/intervention under study, did not respond to an intervention under study, or stable HF patients for which the intervention under study was not indicated

^‡

compared to a control group of participants without HF

^¶

statistical significance of comparisons not reported