Table 2.
Treatment | Mechanism | Example | Remark | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Antiviral drugs | Replication inhibition | RSV 604 | Effective against RSV, but adverse effect on the host |
[104] [142–146] |
Mutation | Ribavirin, viramidine, merimepodib | |||
Inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase | Ribavirin, mycophenolate, mizoribine | |||
Immunostimulatory effects | Ribavirin | |||
Fusion inhibitors | Inhibiting fusion protein attachment to cell | Peptide—HR121, HR212, RhoA Chemical—BMS-433771, RFI-641 |
Peptide fusion inhibitors promising anti RSV drug; chemical fusion inhibitors have side effects | [147–150] |
Nanoparticles | Inhibiting attachment to cell | Silver nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles | Emerging field, conclusive studies required | [151, 152] |
Antisense therapy | RNA interference | siRNA-ALN-RSV01 Phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers |
Effective and safe; ALN-RSV01 completed phase IIb clinical trails | [153–157] |
Ethnobotanicals | Probably fusion inhibitors, anti-inflammatory |
Plant extracts—Cinnamomum cassia, Cimicifuga foetida, Sheng-Ma-Ge-Gen-Tang, Ginger, etc. Decoctions-modified Dingchuan, Liu-He-Tang, water extract of Licorice |
Promising but conclusive studies required | [158–164] |