Table 3.
Adjusted logistic regression analyses assessing predictors of cigarette and SLT use patterns among adolescents (GYTS-NYTS) aged 13–15 in 32 countries during 2007–2011
| Characteristic | Current cigarette smoking (n= 16,043) aOR, 95%CI | Current SLT use (n= 7,570) aOR, 95%CI | Combined Use of cigarettes and SLT products (n= 2,734) aOR, 95%CI |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||
| Male | 1.00 ref | 1.00 ref | 1.00 ref |
| Female | 0.64 (0.57–0.73) | 0.52 (0.44–0.62) | 0.37 (0.28–0.49) |
| Age, years | |||
| 13 | 1.00 ref | 1.00 ref | 1.00 ref |
| 14 | 1.34 (1.15–1.57) | 0.9 (0.75–1.08) | 1.09 (0.75–1.57) |
| 15 | 1.89 (1.58–2.27) | 1.1 (0.89–1.37) | 1.36 (0.95–1.96) |
| Geographical region* | |||
| United States | 1.00 ref | 1.00 ref | 1.00 ref |
| African region | 0.27 (0.13–0.59) | 3.98 (2.19–7.24) | 3.36 (0.77–14.76) |
| Eastern Mediterranean region | 0.04 (0.02–0.10) | 2.46 (1.20–5.03) | 0.57 (0.11–2.90) |
| Europe region | 0.33 (0.15–0.70) | 1.12 (0.63–1.99) | 1.71 (0.42–7.05) |
| Region of the Americas (exclusive of the U.S.) | 0.12 (0.05–0.26) | 1.83 (0.98–3.40) | 0.55 (0.12–2.42) |
| South-East Asia region | 0.04 (0.02–0.08) | 2.76 (1.38–5.53) | 0.98 (0.22–4.36) |
| Western Pacific region | 0.21 (0.10–0.42) | 1.92 (1.07–3.42) | 1.27 (0.37–4.31) |
| Income grouping of country† | |||
| Low income | 1.00 ref | 1.00 ref | 1.00 ref |
| Lower middle income | 0.93 (0.69–1.27) | 1.47 (1.10–1.97) | 0.93 (0.45–1.92) |
| Upper middle income | 1.05 (0.80–1.40) | 1.03 (0.73–1.46) | 1.02 (0.61–1.68) |
| High income | 0.97 (0.75–1.24) | 1.66 (1.19–2.32) | 1.90 (1.18–3.07) |
| Survey year (per unit increase)§ | 0.56 (0.46–0.68) | 1.00 (0.86–1.17) | 1.02 (0.71–1.46) |
Note: Multivariate model adjusted for all factors listed in table; n=total number of tobacco users combined for each product; 95%CI=95% confidence intervals; ref=referent; SLT=Smokeless tobacco
Based on the World Health Organization’s geographic categorization of countries into six regions. The United States was analyzed as a separate referent region
Based on the World Bank’s categorization of countries into economic groups using countries’ 2012 Gross National Incomes.
Survey period during 2007–2011 was modeled as a ordinal variable and adjusted temporal changes assessed per unit increase