Table 2.

Studies recording local field potentials or intraoperative micro-electrode recording of neuronal activity from the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Investigators		Medication status	Task	Type of recordings	Main findings
2004	Kuhn	Off	Go no go RT	Local field potentials from STN	Increase in beta activity after IS on no go trials relative to go trials.
2011	Fumagalli	On	Moralistic decision-making with or without conflict	Local field potentials from STN	Increased STN activity in low frequency (5–13 Hz) range with conflictual than non-conflictual moralistic decisions.
2011	Cavanagh	?	Probabilistic decision making under high or low conflict	Scalp EEG Intraoperative recordings from STN	Increased theta-band (4–8 Hz) activity over mPFC related to increasing response threshold under high conflict reversed by STN DBS.
2012	Ray	On	Stop Signal Task	Local field potentials from STN	Onset of beta rebound correlated with SSRTs but no differences in beta rebound between successfully inhibited and failed inhibition trials.
2012	Zaghloul	Off	Probabilistic decision making under conflict	Intraoperative microelectrode recordings	Spiking activity in STN increases with degree of decision conflict.
2012	Brittain	On	Stroop Interference Task	Local field potentials from STN	Earlier beta rebound prior to response on correct incongruent trials and after response on incorrent trials.
2013	Anzak	On	Paced RNG	Local field potentials from STN	Increased STN activity in gamma band (45–60 Hz) during RNG relative to control counting task and negatively correlated with habitual counting (count score 1).
2013	Alegre	On and off	Stop signal task	Local Field Potentials from STN	Successful inhibition associated with decrease gamma power and cortico-subthalamic coherence which was absent in the 4 patients with impulse control disorders.
2013	Zavala	On	Eriksen flanker task	Local field potentials from STN	Incongruent trials with fast RTs similar to congruent trials showed cue-locked STN theta band activity with phase alignment across trials and periresponse increase in theta power, which were not observed for incongruent trials with slower RTs.

?, not specified; mPFC, medial prefrontal cortex; SSRTs, stop signal reaction times; RT, reaction time; RNG, random number generation.