. 2013 Oct 11;28(1):2–29. doi: 10.1007/s00464-013-3170-6

Table 3.

Recurrence rates and chronic pain in dependence on the type of fixation (systematic review of the literature)

Type of fixation	No. of studies	Total no. of patients	Recurrence rate median % (IQR)	Chronic pain follow-up median %/month (IQR)
Sutures+tacks	10	2,211	3.65 (2.45–5.75)^a,b	2.75 (1.72–13.22)^a,b
Sutures+tacks	10	2,211	3.65 (2.45–5.75)^a,b	31.5 (27.75–38.25)
Sutures only	2	1,121	1.05 (0.82–1.27)^a,b	3.75 (3.12–4.37)^a,b
Sutures only	2	1,121	1.05 (0.82–1.27)^a,b	39 (33.5–44.5)
Tacks only	11	2,473	4.5 (2.4–6.17)^a,b	6,35 (2.17–13.22)^a,b
Tacks only	11	2,473	4.5 (2.4–6.17)^a,b	40 (30.5–49.5)

IQR interquartile range

^a p = 0.17 (Kruskal–Wallis test)

^b p = 0.535 (ANOVA)