Table 1.
Summary of studies comparing human and non-social agents.
| Phase | Author | Method | Task | Nonsocial comparison | Brain regions associated with an effect of human agent |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Decision | McCabe et al., 2001 | fMRI | Trust game | Computer | MPFC |
| Decision | Gallagher et al., 2002 | PET | Rock-Paper-Scissors | Computer | pACC |
| Decision | Singer et al., 2004 | fMRI | PDG | Nonintentional human | fusiform gyrus, STS, insula, vSTR, OFC |
| Decision | De Quervain et al., 2004 | fMRI | Punishing defector in trust game | Random device | caudate nucleus |
| Decision | Rilling et al., 2004a | fMRI | UG andPDG | Computer | DLPFC, STG, fusiform gyrus, precentral gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, posterior cingulate, frontal pole, caudate, cerebellum |
| Decision | Delgado et al., 2005 | fMRI | Trust game | Lottery | IPL, insular cortex, lingual gyrus, putamen, inferior occipital gyrus, vSTR, fusiform gyrus |
| Decision | Knoch et al., 2006 | fMRI | UG | Computer | DLPFC |
| Decision | Krach et al., 2008 | fMRI | PDG | Anthropomorphized robot, functional robot, computer | MPFC, TPJ |
| Decision | Coricelli and Nagel, 2009 | fMRI | Beauty contest | Computer | MPFC, rACC, STS, PCC, TPJ |
| Decision | Burke et al., 2010 | fMRI | Purchasing stocks | Chimpanzees | vSTR |
| Decision | Carter et al., 2012 | fMRI | Poker game/bluffing decisions | Computer | TPJ |
| Decision | Delgado et al., 2008 | fMRI | Auction | Lottery controlled by computer | precuneus, inferior parietal lobe |
| Feedback | Rilling et al., 2002 | fMRI | PDG | Computer | paracentral lobule, caudate, postcentral gyrus, medial frontal gyrus, rostral anterior cingulate gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, paracentral lobule |
| Feedback | Sanfey et al., 2003 | fMRI | UG | Computer | bilateral insula |
| Feedback | Rilling et al., 2004b | fMRI | UG and PDG | Computer | STR, VMPFC |
| Feedback | Rilling et al., 2004a | fMRI | UG andPDG | Computer and Roulette Wheel | STS, hypothalamus/midbrain/thalamus, supierior frontal gyrus, rACC, precuneus, thalamus, hippocampus, putamen |
| Feedback | Delgado et al., 2005 | fMRI | Trust game | Lottery | STR (neutral human) |
| Feedback | Rilling et al., 2008a | fMRI | PDG | Gamble task | superior temporal gyrus, precentral gyrus, anterior insula, precuneus, lingual gyrus, ACC |
| Feedback | Delgado et al., 2008 | fMRI | Auction | Lottery controlled by computer | STR |
| Feedback | Phan et al., 2010 | fMRI | Trust game | Computer | vSTR |
| Feedback | Harlé et al., 2012 | fMRI | UG | Computer (between group contrast) | anterior insula, OFC, DLPFC, precentral gyrus, superior temporal pole, vMPFC, lateral prefrontal cortex, putamen, SMA, parahippocampal Area, precuneus, ACC, cerebellum, inferior parietal gyrus |
Brain regions associated with an effect of human agent (compared to non-social control) include social cognition brain regions. UG, ultimatum game; PDG, prisoner's dilemma game; MPFC, medial prefrontal cortex; pACC, posterior anterior cingulate cortex; STS, superior temporal sulcus; vSTR, ventral striatum; OFC, orbital frontal cortex; DLPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; STG, superior temporal gyrus; TPJ, temporal parietal junction; PCC, posterior cingulate cortex; SMA, supplemental motor area.