Figure 4.

This figure shows regression coefficients for effects modeled as fixed. Estimates are given on the latent scale. To recover coefficients on the data scale, add 1. Time effects were centered at 0. We coded fire-walkers as 0 and passengers as 1. Hence, the intercepts denote the expected arousal and valence for fire-walkers at the middle point of the ritual (on the latent scale). Our interest was in the role × time interaction, which shows a pattern of diverging mean valence for role over time. As indicated here, fire-walkers were found to be increasingly negative in their valence whereas passengers were found to be increasingly positive. These findings are consistent with the predictions of the rite-of-passage model.