Table 4.
Association of Frontal QRS-T Angle with Adverse Outcomes on Cox Proportional Hazards Analysis
| Outcome | Event rate (n/N, %) | Unadjusted | Multivariable-Adjusted* | Additional adjustment for B-type natriuretic peptide** | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||||
| HR | 95% CI | P-value | HR | 95% CI | P-value | HR | 95% CI | P-value | ||
| Heart failure hospitalization | ||||||||||
| • Tertile 1 | 22/124 (18) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| • Tertile 2 | 29/125 (23) | 1.3 | 0.8, 2.4 | 0.30 | 1.1 | 0.6, 1.9 | 0.86 | 1.0 | 0.6, 1.9 | 0.97 |
| • Tertile 3 | 43/127 (34) | 2.2 | 1.3, 3.8 | 0.003 | 1.9 | 1.0, 3.6 | 0.047 | 1.5 | 0.8, 2.9 | 0.20 |
| • QRS-T angle (per 1-SD increase) | — | 1.3 | 1.1, 1.6 | 0.009 | 1.3 | 1.0, 1.7 | 0.052 | 1.2 | 0.9, 1.5 | 0.22 |
| Cardiovascular hospitalization | ||||||||||
| • Tertile 1 | 28/124 (23) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| • Tertile 2 | 47/125 (38) | 1.7 | 1.1, 2.8 | 0.023 | 1.4 | 0.8, 2.3 | 0.21 | 1.3 | 0.8, 2.1 | 0.36 |
| • Tertile 3 | 55/127 (43) | 2.4 | 1.5, 3.8 | <0.001 | 2.2 | 1.3, 3.8 | 0.005 | 1.9 | 1.1, 3.4 | 0.022 |
| • QRS-T angle (per 1-SD increase) | — | 1.3 | 1.1, 1.5 | 0.001 | 1.3 | 1.1, 1.6 | 0.015 | 1.3 | 1.0, 1.6 | 0.046 |
| Death | ||||||||||
| • Tertile 1 | 12/124 (10) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| • Tertile 2 | 16/125 (13) | 1.2 | 0.6, 2.6 | 0.61 | 0.8 | 0.4, 1.7 | 0.47 | 0.5 | 0.2, 1.3 | 0.18 |
| • Tertile 3 | 25/127 (20) | 2.1 | 1.0, 4.1 | 0.040 | 1.6 | 0.7, 3.7 | 0.28 | 1.2 | 0.5, 2.9 | 0.71 |
| • QRS-T angle (per 1-SD increase) | — | 1.3 | 1.0, 1.6 | 0.070 | 1.2 | 0.8, 1.6 | 0.39 | 1.1 | 0.8, 1.6 | 0.60 |
| Cardiovascular hospitalization or death | ||||||||||
| • Tertile 1 | 35/124 (28) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| • Tertile 2 | 55/125 (44) | 1.7 | 1.1, 2.6 | 0.019 | 1.4 | 0.9, 2.1 | 0.19 | 1.2 | 0.8, 2.0 | 0.39 |
| • Tertile 3 | 71/127 (56) | 2.5 | 1.6, 3.8 | <0.001 | 2.3 | 1.4, 3.9 | 0.001 | 2.0 | 1.2, 3.4 | 0.008 |
| • QRS-T angle (per 1-SD increase) | — | 1.3 | 1.1, 1.5 | <0.001 | 1.3 | 1.1, 1.6 | 0.005 | 1.3 | 1.0, 1.6 | 0.018 |
*
Multivariable model adjusted for age, sex, body-mass index, diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, estimated glomerular filtration rate, amiodarone use, diuretic use, QRS interval, and QTc interval;
**
Includes all covariates of the multivariable model plus log BNP; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; SD, standard deviation