Table 4.
The effect of polyphenol treatment on the cell cycle progression in myeloid and lymphoid cell lines.
| Cell lines | Percentage of cells in all phases of cell cycle | The percentage of cells in the phases of cell cycle at which there was a significant accumulation of cells when compared to vehicle controls after treatment with IC50 dose of each polyphenol following 24h. |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vehicle Control | Quercetin | Apigenin | Chrysin | Rhein | Emodin | Aloe - Emodin | Cis- Stilbene | Trans-Stilbene | ||
| Lymphoid leukaemia | JURKAT | G0/G1 = 52.13% S = 36.06% G2/M = 10.01% | S = 51% | S = 49% | G0/G1 = 65% | S = 45.70% | G0/G1 = 60% | S = 49% | G0/G1 =65% | S = 47% |
| CCRF-CEM |
G0/G1 = 41.9% S = 47.2% G2/M = 7.8% |
S = 51.4% | G0/G1 =52.2% | G0/G1 =49.4% | G0/G1 =54% | G0/G1 =50% | G0/G1 =49% | G0/G1 =51.1% | G0/G1 =49.1% | |
| MOLT-3 |
G0/G1 = 64.5% S = 24.8% G2/M = 7.5% |
G2/M =19% | S =35% | G0/G1 =69.3% | G0/G1=72% | G0/G1 =70% | G0/G1 = 68% | G2/M = 15% | G0/G1 = 69% | |
|
Myeloid leukaemia |
HL60 |
G0/G1 = 56.8% S = 33.6% G2/M = 8.45% |
G0/G1 =66.2% | G0/G1=67% | S =45.5% | G0/G1=65% | G0/G1 =67.7% | S =35% | G0/G1 =70.9% | S =41.9% |
| THP-1 |
G0/G1 = 42.3% S = 31.1% G2/M = 26.4% |
G0/G1 =52% | G2/M =32% | G0/G1 =52.1% | G0/G1 =47% | G0/G1= 50.8% | G0/G1 =52% | G0/G1=50% | G0/G1 =53% | |
| K562 |
G0/G1 = 53.7% S = 32.06% G2/M = 13.6% |
G0/G1=60% | S =50.2% | G0/G1 =59% | S =48%% | G0/G1 =66% | G2/M =20% | G0/G1 =64% | G2/M =24.5% | |
| KG1a |
G0/G1 = 44.6% S = 34.6% G2/M = 18.7% |
G0/G1=52% | S = 50% | G0/G1 =50% | G0/G1 =49% | G0/G1 =52.9% | G0/G1 =50% | G0/G1 =51% | G2/M =23.7% | |
| Histocytic lymphoma | U937 |
G0/G1 = 44.03% S = 40.1% G2/M = 19.1% |
G2/M =25% | G0/G1 =59% | G0/G1 =70% | G0/G1 =55% | G0/G1 =60% | G0/G1 =53% | G0/G1 =64% | G0/G1 =62% |
| Non-tumour control cells | CD34+ |
G0/G1 = 53% S = 25.8% G2/M = 20.7% |
No Arrest <50µM | No Arrest ≤250µM | No Arrest <250µM | No Arrest <50µM | No Arrest <50µM | No Arrest <500µM | No Arrest ≤250µM | No Arrest ≤500µM |
The cell cycle phase was assessed by flow cytometric analysis of propidium iodide (PI) stained cells, and the percentage of cells accumulation in each phase of cell cycle (G0/G1, S, G2/M) was determined from the DNA histograms of each sample analysing by FlowJo software using Waston (pragmatic) equation. The data shows the phases of cell cycle in which each cell type was significantly accumulated when compared with the vehicle control, when treated for 24 h with IC50 concentration for each polyphenol, as determined by CellTiter- Glo® assay (p<0.05). The table shows the percentage of cells in each phases of cell cycle at which there was a significant accumulation. No significant arrest in cell cycle was observed in the non-tumor progenitor cells (CD34+) within the IC50 ranges used to treat the leukemic cell lines.