Table 4.

Spawn timing of forage species in southeastern Alaska

	Spawn timing	Location	Source
Epipelagic
Capelin	April1, peak in June–July, 2nd spawn in autumn2	Gulf of AK	Observation during study1; Doyle et al. (2002)2
Chinook salmon	May–July	Cook Inlet, AK	Healey (1991)
Pacific herring	Late April, early May	Southeast AK	Carlson (1985)
Pacific sand lance	October		Robards et al. (1999)
Mesopelagic
California headlightfish	Peak in May–July, ranges March–September	Japan	Moku et al. (2003)
Commander squid	December-May, peak February–March	SW Japan	Yuuki and Kitazawa (1986)
Eulachon	April	Southeast AK	Sigler et al. (2004)
Northern lampfish	Larval fish in January	California	Icanberry et al. (1978)
Northern smoothtongue	Larval fish observed in May–June	Prince William Sound AK	Norcross and Frandsen (1996)
Pacific hake	March–May	Strait of Georgia	McFarlane and Beamish (1986)
Walleye pollock	Peak March–May, extended over 4-5 months	Southeast AK	Haldorson et al. (1989)
Demersal
Arrowtooth flounder	September–February	Bering Sea, Washington	Rickey (1995)
Pacific cod	January1, winter2	Bering Sea, Yakutat	Klovach et al. (1995)1; Rogers et al. (1981)2
Pacific halibut	December–January	Gulf of AK	St-Pierre (1984)
Sablefish	February–May	Gulf of AK1, Canada2	Mason et al. (1983)
Sandpaper skate	Unknown

AK Alaska, PWS Prince William Sound, SW Southwest