Table 1. 14C results obtained for the samples from Kalapodi, Lefkandi and Corinth with ceramic phase, laboratory number, material identification, context description, sample ID, 14C age in yr BP, calibrated ranges for ±1σ and ±2σ, and ‰ δ13C.
| Ceramic phase | Lab# | Type | Context | Site and sample ID | 14C age ±yr BP | Calibrated range ±1σ (BCE) | Calibrated range ±2σ (BCE) | δ13C (‰) |
| LH IIIC early to middle | RTK-6370 | Charred wheat | Pit | Lefkandi, Basket 879, Area T North | 2880±55 | 1187-1183 (1.1%), 1154-1146 (2.0%), 1130-976 (63.9%), 952-947 (1.2%) | 1258-1233 (2.9%), 1217-916 (92.5%) | −22.7 |
| LH IIIC middle to late | RTT-6104 | Charcoal | Layer of burnt debris in standing section | Lefkandi, Area M, section 367 | 2980±55 | 1305-1126 (68.2%) | 1388-1047 (95.4%) | −23.3 |
| LH IIIC middle to late | RTK-6372 and RTK 6373 | Charred wheat and chickpeas | Burnt debris | Kalapodi, KAL08 363 5035/4975 | 2930±25* , a (6) | 1208-1202 (2.6%), 1195-1140 (34.3%), 1135-1111 (14.5%), 1103-1076 (12.6%), 1065-1056 (4.2%) | 1259-1232 (6.0%), 1218-1041 (89.4%) | −23.4 (RTK6372), −22.4 (RTK6373) |
| LH IIIC middle to late | RTK-6374 and RTK 6375 | Charred chickpeas and wheat | Hearth | Kalapodi, KAL08 368 5035/4975 | 2913±17* , b (8) | 1129-1051 (68.2%) | 1195-1142 (18.4%), 1134-1021 (77.0%) | −22.8 (RTK6374), −23.8 (RTK6375) |
| LH IIIC late to SM | RTK-6123 | Animal bone | Pit | Lefkandi, Area M, Pit 47, basket 5359 | 2975±30* (4) | 1263-1190 (47.7%), 1180-1158 (11.9%), 1145-1131 (8.5%) | 1369-1359 (0.7%), 1315-1113 (93.7%), 1099-1088 (0.8%), 1063-1059 (0.3%) | −19.0 |
| LH IIIC late to SM | RTK-6124 | Animal bone | Pit | Lefkandi, Area M, Pit 48, basket 5366 (top) | 2850±30* (4) | 1052-973 (57.7%), 958-939 (10.5%) | 1116-925 (95.4%) | −19.4 |
| LH IIIC late to SM | RTK-6127 | Animal bone | Pit | Lefkandi, Area M, Pit 48, basket 5374 (bottom) | 2920±30* (4) | 1193-1174 (9.5%), 1166-1143 (11.6%), 1133-1051 (47.1%) | 1256-1237 (3.7%), 1215-1014 (91.7%) | −19.6 |
| LH IIIC late to SM | RTK-6156 | Animal bone | Pit | Lefkandi, Area M, Pit 47, basket 5359 | 2855±50 | 1114-1097 (6.0%), 1092-972 (53.1%), 959-936 (9.1%) | 1209-901 (95.4%) | −20.4 |
| SM | RTK-6699 | Human bone | Single burial [32]–[34] | Corinth, COR1969-33 | 2805±55 | 1042-897 (68.2%) | 1118-833 (95.4%) | −19.7 |
| EPG | RTK-6371 | Charred wheat | Burnt debris, possibly of a hearth | Kalapodi, KAL08 322 5035/4975 | 2850±40* (2) | 1109-1104 (1.8%), 1072-1066 (2.3%), 1056-970 (50.3%), 962-932 (13.8%) | 1187-1184 (0.3%), 1153-1149 (0.3%), 1130-906 (94.8%) | −22.5 |
| (E?)PG | RTK-6697 | Human bone | Single burial [32]–[34] | Corinth, COR1973-4 | 2835±55 | 1110-1104 (1.8%), 1074-1065 (2.5%), 1056-913 (63.9%) | 1192-1176 (1.4%), 1163-1143 (1.7%), 1132-843 (92.3%) | −19.5 |
| (E?)PG | RTK-6698 | Human bone | Single burial [32]–[34] | Corinth, COR1973-5 | 2520±60 | 790-731 (19.9%), 692-660 (11.2%), 651-544 (37.2%) | 800-486 (90.4%), 463-448 (1.7%), 443-416 (3.3%) | nd |
| MPG to LPG | RTK-6384 | Textile | Toumba [28] | Lefkandi, LEFT9 | 2880±40* (2) | 1126-1001 (68.2%) | 1209-969 (89.8%), 963-930 (5.6%) | −26.0 |
| MPG to LPG | RTK-6385 | Decayed wood | Toumba [28] | Lefkandi, LEFT10 | 2600±55 | 833-753 (55.3%), 686-668 (7.5%), 632-626 (1.3%), 612-596 (4.2%) | 896-731 (65.5%), 692-660 (9.5%), 651-544 (20.3%) | −24.6 |
| LPG | RTK-6397 | Animal bone | Fill with ceramics | Kalapodi, KAL05 146 5030/4965 | 2742±29* (4) | 908-841 (68.2%) | 972-959 (3.0%), 936-819 (92.4%) | −22.4 |
| SPG | RTK 6396 | Animal bone | Sacrifice place related to altar | Kalapodi, KAL05 131 5030/4965-70 | 2888±28* (4) | 1116-1021 (68.2%) | 1194-1142 (7.9%), 1133-979 (87.5%) | −19.7 |
| (E?)G | RTK-6701 | Human bone | Single burial [32]–[34] | Corinth, COR1969-29 | 2760±60 | 976-952 (10.4%), 946-833 (57.8%) | 1049-805 (95.4%) | −19.4 |
| MG | RTK-6702 | Human bone | Single burial [32]–[34] | Corinth, COR1971-2 | 2855±55 | 1115-971 (58.7%), 960-935 (9.5%) | 1252-1241 (0.7%), 1213-897 (94.7%) | −19.6 |
| MG to LG | RTK-6395 | Animal bone | Fill with ceramics | Kalapodi, KAL05 70 5030/4965 | 2445±55 | 746-689 (18.3%), 664-646 (5.7%), 552-412 (44.2%) | 761-682 (22.3%), 671-405 (73.1%) | −19.2 |
The samples are ordered according to the relative chronological sequence. LH IIIC: Late Helladic IIIC; SM: Sub-Mycenaean; EPG: Early Proto-Geometric; MPG: Middle Proto-Geometric; LPG: Late Proto-Geometric; SPG: Sub-Proto-Geometric; EG: Early Geometric; MG: Middle Geometric; LG: Late Geometric;
*
: the date is the average of multiple measurements on the same sample (the number of measurements is indicated between brackets);
a
: RTK6372 and RTK6373 are parts of the same assemblage of seeds, and therefore dates were averaged;
b
: RTK6374 and RTK6375 are parts of the same assemblage of seeds, and therefore dates were averaged.
All the charred seeds come from clusters. References for published contexts are included within the “Context” column; all the other contexts are yet unpublished. δ13C values were obtained using an isotope ratio mass spectrometer.