Table 1.
Distribution of selected characteristics for breast cancer among women participating in WCHS, n=3148
| AA women | Caucasian women | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases (n=803) N (%) |
Controls (n=889) N (%) |
Cases (n=755) N (%) |
Controls (n=701) N (%) |
|
| Age at interview (yrs)1 | ||||
| 20–34 | 37 (4.6) | 71 (8.0) | 23 (3.1) | 32 (4.6) |
| 35–44 | 162 (20.2) | 182 (20.5) | 140 (18.5) | 156 (22.3) |
| 45–54 | 261 (32.5) | 320 (36) | 254 (33.6) | 257 (36.7) |
| 55–64 | 262 (32.6) | 272 (30.6) | 247 (32.7) | 251 (35.8) |
| 65–76 | 81 (10.1) | 44 (4.9) | 91 (12.1) | 5 (0.7) |
| Education3 | ||||
| <High school | 118 (14.7) | 112 (12.6) | 21 (2.8) | 10 (1.4) |
| High school graduate | 241 (30) | 227 (25.5) | 127 (16.8) | 69 (9.8) |
| Some college | 213 (26.5) | 259 (29.1) | 165 (21.9) | 132 (18.8) |
| College graduate | 141 (17.6) | 180 (20.2) | 230 (30.5) | 226 (32.2) |
| Post-graduate degree | 90 (11.2) | 111 (12.5) | 212 (28.1) | 264 (37.7) |
| Country of origin1 | ||||
| United States | 552 (68.7) | 711 (80) | 639 (84.6) | 617 (88) |
| Caribbean countries | 189 (23.5) | 129 (14.5) | 25 (3.3) | 2 (0.3) |
| Other | 62 (7.7) | 49 (5.5) | 91 (12.1) | 82 (11.7) |
| Ethnicity1 | ||||
| Hispanic | 45 (5.6) | 26 (2.9) | 62 (8.2) | 15 (2.1) |
| Non-Hispanic | 758 (94.4) | 863 (97.1) | 693 (91.8) | 686 (97.9) |
| Marital Status2 | ||||
| Married | 287 (35.7) | 306 (34.5) | 468 (62.1) | 477 (68) |
| Living as married | 13 (1.6) | 19 (2.1) | 22 (2.9) | 22 (3.1) |
| Widowed | 74 (9.2) | 58 (6.5) | 40 (5.3) | 19 (2.7) |
| Separated | 62 (7.7) | 57 (6.4) | 14 (1.9) | 16 (2.3) |
| Divorced | 138 (17.2) | 136 (15.3) | 91 (12.1) | 73 (10.4) |
| Single, never married or never lived as married |
229 (28.5) | 312 (35.1) | 119 (15.8) | 94 (13.4) |
| Age at menarche (yrs) | ||||
| <12 | 228 (28.4) | 250 (28.2) | 175 (23.4) | 157 (22.6) |
| 12–13 | 365 (45.4) | 399 (44.9) | 416 (55.6) | 368 (53) |
| >13 | 210 (26.2) | 239 (26.9) | 157 (21) | 170 (24.5) |
| Menopausal status | ||||
| Premenopausal | 408 (50.8) | 463 (52.1) | 389 (51.5) | 385 (54.9) |
| Postmenopausal | 395 (49.2) | 426 (47.9) | 366 (48.5) | 316 (45.1) |
| Age at menopause (yrs)2 | ||||
| ≤45 | 36 (9.4) | 52 (12.3) | 29 (8.1) | 27 (8.7) |
| 46–49 | 60 (15.6) | 108 (25.6) | 73 (20.4) | 71 (22.9) |
| 50–54 | 247 (64.2) | 220 (52.1) | 204 (57) | 175 (56.4) |
| >55 | 42 (10.9) | 42 (10) | 52 (14.5) | 37 (11.9) |
| Parity (livebirths) | ||||
| 0 | 124 (15.4) | 148 (16.7) | 237 (31.4) | 206 (29.4) |
| 1–2 | 414 (51.6) | 438 (49.3) | 355 (47) | 355 (50.6) |
| 3–4 | 200 (24.9) | 237 (26.7) | 146 (19.3) | 117 (16.7) |
| >5 | 65 (8.1) | 66 (7.4) | 17 (2.3) | 23 (3.3) |
| Age at first birth (yrs) | ||||
| Nulliparous (0 birthcount) | 124 (15.5) | 148 (16.7) | 237 (31.4) | 206 (29.4) |
| ≤19 | 253 (31.6) | 294 (33.1) | 36 (4.8) | 32 (4.6) |
| 20–24 | 195 (24.3) | 220 (24.8) | 134 (17.8) | 110 (15.7) |
| 25–30 | 149 (18.6) | 120 (13.5) | 190 (25.2) | 170 (24.3) |
| >31 | 81 (10.1) | 106 (11.9) | 158 (20.9) | 183 (26.1) |
| Breastfeeding3 | ||||
| Never | 470 (58.5) | 529 (59.5) | 430 (57) | 355 (50.6) |
| Ever | 333 (41.5) | 360 (40.5) | 325 (43) | 346 (49.4) |
|
Family history of breast cancer3 |
||||
| No | 687 (85.6) | 786 (88.4) | 578 (76.5) | 584 (83.3) |
| Yes | 116 (14.4) | 103 (11.6) | 177 (23.4) | 117 (16.7) |
|
Past benign breast disease1 |
||||
| No | 547 (68.3) | 685 (77.1) | 431 (57.6) | 466 (66.7) |
| Yes | 254 (31.7) | 203 (22.9) | 317 (42.4) | 232 (33.3) |
| HRT use | ||||
| Never | 682 (85.4) | 785 (88.5) | 559 (74) | 540 (77.1) |
| Ever | 117 (14.6) | 102 (11.5) | 196 (26) | 160 (22.9) |
| Oral contraceptive use3 | ||||
| Never | 333 (41.5) | 387 (43.6) | 261 (34.7) | 203 (29) |
| Ever | 470 (58.5) | 501 (56.4) | 492 (65.3) | 498 (71) |
| BMI | ||||
| Underweight/Normal | 151 (18.8) | 157 (17.7) | 342 (45.3) | 317 (45.3) |
| Overweight | 235 (29.3) | 255 (28.7) | 206 (27.3) | 191 (27.3) |
| Obese | 416 (51.9) | 477 (53.7) | 207 (27.4) | 192 (27.4) |
| Stage of presentation | ||||
| Non-invasive | 119 (22.7) | − | 134 (27) | − |
| Stage 1 | 158 (30.1) | − | 204 (41.1) | − |
| Stage 2 | 169 (32.2) | − | 124 (25) | − |
| Stage 3 | 76 (14.5) | − | 33 (6.7) | − |
| Stage 4 | 3 (0.6) | − | 1 (0.2) | − |
| Estrogen receptor status | ||||
| ER positive | 409 (69) | − | 413 (82.1) | − |
| ER negative | 184 (31) | − | 90 (17.9) | − |
|
Total red meat intake (grams/day/1000 kcal) |
||||
| Mean ± SD | 25.26 ± 22.22 | 26.95 ± 22.43 | 30.09 ± 22.31 | 28.35 ± 22.22 |
| Median | 20.22 | 21.59 | 25.13 | 23.05 |
|
Processed meat intake (grams/day/1000 kcal) |
||||
| Mean ± SD | 11.94 ± 12.55 | 11.88 ± 11.69 | 9.72 ± 10.39 | 9.39 ± 11.45 |
| Median | 8.27 | 8.89 | 6.43 | 5.95 |
|
Unprocessed red meat intake (grams/day/1000 kcal) |
||||
| Mean ± SD | 13.32 ± 16.17 | 15.07 ± 17.33 | 20.37 ± 18.36 | 18.99 ± 17.06 |
| Median | 8.37 | 9.29 | 15.80 | 14.58 |
|
Poultry intake (grams/day/1000 kcal) |
||||
| Mean ± SD | 27.64 ± 24.35 | 28.95 ± 24.88 | 23.38 ± 19.06 | 21.90 ± 19.14 |
| Median | 21.18 | 22.81 | 18.82 | 17.70 |
1
chi square p value<0.05 for AA and white women
2
chi square p value<0.05 in AA women
3
chi square p value<0.05 in white women