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Metaphase chromosomes after acetaldehyde exposure. Acetaldehyde exposure to PALB2−/− and BRCA2−/− cells promoted widespread chromosomal aberrations. Thick arrows indicate chromatid breaks; thin arrows, dicentric chromosomes; asterisks, fragments. cb, chromosome breaks; cg, chromosome gaps; R, rings; 3r, triradials; 3r-b, broken triradials; 4r, quadriradials; 4r-f, quadriradials with fragments.
