A scheme summarizing some of the complex effects of TD-exosomes on the immune system and how TD-exosomes suppress immune surveillance by decreasing the proliferation and activation of T and NK cells, decreasing mature antigen presenting cells (APC) and increasing cells such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells and Tregs, which suppress immunity. HSP72, heat shock protein 72; JAK3, Janus kinase 3; MyD88, myeloid differentiation primary response 88; PGE2, prostaglandin E2; pStat3, phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; TGF-β, transforming growth factor β; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α.