FIGURE 4.

Glucose decreases palmitate oxidation via AMPK in hypothalamic but not cortical astrocytes. Palmitate oxidation (A), glucose utilization (B), and oxidation (C) in response to glucose or etomoxir (200 μm) in hypothalamic and cortical astrocyte cultures are shown. Western blot (D) and quantitation of Thr-172 P-AMPK and Ser79 P-ACC levels (E) in hypothalamic and cortical astrocytes are shown. Palmitate oxidation (F) in response to glucose with or without AICAR (1 mm) in hypothalamic and cortical astrocytes is shown. Results are shown as the means ± S.E. n = 4–7 independent experiments with each condition performed in duplicate for intracellular metabolism measurements. n = 3 independent experiment for Western blot analyses. Statistical analyses were performed with one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-tests. *, **, and ***, p < 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 respectively versus 1 mm glucose.