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. 2013 Dec 1;12(4):707–715.

Table 3.

Effects of water exercise on functional ADL (n=61).

		Before		After		Change
		Mean	SD	Mean	SD	(%)
Sit & reach (cm)	Exercise	25.59	6.47	27.66 ^*	6.90	8.4
Sit & reach (cm)	Control	21.92	6.81	21.90	5.53
Sit to stand (Number)	Exercise	10.77	3.06	14.06 ^***	3.95	30.5
Sit to stand (Number)	Control	12.03	2.77	12.18	1.44
Walk Speed(seconds)	Exercise	10.72	2.60	9.00 ^***	2.39	-16.0
Walk Speed(seconds)	Control	10.92	2.34	10.16	1.87
Walk Steps (Number)	Exercise	11.92	1.78	10.65 ^***	1.78	-10.5
Walk Steps (Number)	Control	12.18	1.96	11.59 ^*	1.83	-4.8
Agility (seconds)	Exercise	35.3	10.68	28.12 ^***	9.59	-20.0
Agility (seconds)	Control	32.08	7.06	31.7	6.74
Stair Climb (seconds)	Exercise	16.64	7.94	12.94 ^***	4.73	-22.5
Stair Climb (seconds)	Control	18.26	7.28	16.56 ^*	6.64	-9.3
Arm curl (Number)	Exercise	14.01	3.77	19.53 ^***	5.03	30.8
Arm curl (Number)	Control	14.38	3.53	14.35	4.10
Static Balance (seconds)	Exercise Right	15.43	17.91	21.98 ^*	18.51	42.4
	Exercise Left	14.37	14.75	21.34 ^*	19.72	48.0
	ControlRight	16.79	19.82	15.34	17.92
	ControlLeft	14.86	16.38	11.59	16.97
Dynamic Balance	Exercise	45.39	9.20	50.02 ^***	7.16	10.2
Perfect score=54	Control	39.88	13.46	43.65	11.21

^* p < 0.05,

^*** p < 0.001 compared with before