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. 2013 Dec 1;12(4):730–737.

Table 2.

Comparisons between national and regional level swimmers for backstroke turn variables.

  National Level Regional Level
15 Turn Time (s) 8.88 (.43) 9.84 (.36) ***
Distance in (m) 3.18 (.48) 2.66 (.55) *
UW distance (m) 6.51 (2.57) 5.18 (1.17)
UW velocity (m·s-1) 2.32 (.36) 2.02 (.11) *
Normalized UW velocity (m·s-1) 1.55 (.51) 1.36 (.51) *
Stroking velocity (m·s-1) 1.49 (.14) 1.34 (.14) ***

UW: Underwater. Significant differences between levels:

* p < 0.05;

***p < 0.001