Table 1.
Overview of the main components of representative CBBs used in toxicity assays.
| Cell-Based Biosensors (CBBs) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Microbial CBB | Invertebrate/Vertebrate/Mammalian CBB | ||||
| Sensor cell | Detection mode | Analyte [Reference] | Sensor cell | Detection mode | Analyte [Reference] |
| E. coli DH5α (pTOLGFP), (pTOLLUX) | Fluorescence, Bioluminescence | BTEX [9] | Hybridoma B-lymphocyte Ped-2E9 | Fluorescence/colorimetry | Listeriolysin O (LLO), B. cereus crude toxin, cytolysin, α-hemolysin, phospholipase C [10,11] |
| Pseudomonas putida KT2440 | Electrochemical | Aromatic hydrocarbons [12] | Green monkey kidney (Vero) | Bio-electric | Aflatoxin M1 [13] |
| E. coli DH5α (pJAMA-arsR) | Bioluminescence | Heavy metals (As, Sb) [14] | Hepatic (HepG2) | Optical/colorimetry | Marine toxins (azaspiracid-1, pectenotoxin-2, okadaic acid) [15,16] |
| P. putida JS444 | Amperometry | Organophosphate nerve agents [17] | Neuronal (Neuro2a) | Optical/colorimetry | Marine toxins (azaspiracid-1, pectenotoxin-2, okadaic acid) [15,16] |
| S. cerevisiae Y190 (modified) | Amperometry | Endocrine disruptor compounds [18] | Lung fibroblast (V79) | Optical/colorimetry | Mycotoxin (14 different types) [19] |
| E. coli (modified) | Amperometry | Genotoxicity [20] | Neuronal (mouse embryonic frontal cortex and spinal cord tissues) | Electric/microelectrode array (MEA) | Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT/A) [21] |
| Salmonella typhimurium (modified) | Amperometry | Genotoxicity [22] | Vero | Optical/colorimetry | Mycotoxin (T-2, ZEN) [23] |
| Ralstonia eutropha ENV307 (pUTK60) | Bioluminescence | PCBs [24] | Neuronal (PC12) | Fluorescence/FRET | BoNT/A and BoNT/E [25] |