Table 6.
Literature review of imprinted and metastable gene methylation shifts in mice.
| Study (year) | Gene | Exposure | Methylation status | Tissue | Disease/condition | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| McKay et al. (2011) | Igf2 | Low maternal folate | Stable | Fetal gut | – | [23] |
| Downing et al. (2011) | In utero alcohol | Stable | Embryonic | Teratogenesis | [22] | |
| Ding et al. (2012) | – | Hypermethylation | Pancreatic | Gestational diabetes mellitus | [24] | |
| Susiarjo et al. (2013) | In utero BPA | Hypermethylation | Embryonic | Abnormal placentation | [27] | |
|
| ||||||
| Zhang et al. (2012) | Igf2r | In utero BPA | Hypermethylation | Fetal germ cells | – | [25] |
| Somm et al. (2013) | In utero TCDD | Stable Hypermethylation |
Sperm Muscle and liver |
Decreased sperm count | [26] | |
| Gallou-Kabani et al. (2010) | High-fat maternal diet | Sexual dimorphism | Placental | Altered nutrient transfer from the placenta to the fetuses | [28] | |
|
| ||||||
| Dolinoy et al. (2006) | CabpIAP | In utero moderate-dose BPA | Hypomethylation | Liver | – | [19] |
| Anderson et al. (2012) | In utero low-dose BPA | Hypermethylation | Tail | Decreased weaning weight | [15] | |
|
| ||||||
| Dolinoy et al. (2006) | Avy |
In utero moderate-dose BPA In utero BPA followed by genistein |
Hypomethylation Stable |
Tail | – | [19] |
| Anderson et al. (2012) | In utero low-dose BPA | Hypomethylation | Tail | Decreased weaning weight | [15] | |
| Kaminen-Ahola et al. (2010) | In utero ethanol | Hypermethylation | Tail | Skull deformation | [60] | |
| Bernal et al. (2013) | In utero radiation | Hypermethylation | Liver | – | [45] | |
| Waterland et al. (2006) | In utero methyl donor diet | Hypermethylation | Tail | – | [18] | |
| Dolinoy et al. (2006) | In utero genistein | Hypermethylation | Tail | – | [61] | |
Avy: Viable yellow agouti; BPA: Bisphenol A; CabpIAP: CDK5 activator-binding protein intracisternal A particle element; TCDD: Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.