Table 1.

Selected Demographics and Clinical Characteristics of 2 ICU Cohorts

	IU–ICU cohort (N = 185)	Penn–ICU cohort (N = 206)	P value
Mean age (± SD), y	55 ± 10	56.1 ± 10	.11
Male, %	67	61	.2
Race, %			<.001
White	89	59
Black	9	24
Hispanic	2	2
Cirrhosis etiology, %
Alcohol	43	36	.2
Viral	38	47	.1
NAFLD	18	11	.04
Autoimmune	5	8	.2
Othersa	8	13	.2
Presence of hepatocellular carcinoma, %	7	8	.8
Child–Pugh class, A/B/C, %	4/19/77	1/5/94	<.001
MELD score, median (IQR)	25 (23–34)	32 (26–41)	<.001
Total bilirubin level, mg/dL (IQR)	9.8 (2.8–21)	7.5 (3.5–18.1)	.007
INR (IQR)	1.9 (1.6–2.5)	2.4 (1.8–3.2)	<.001
Creatinine level, mg/dL (IQR)	1.9 (1–3.3)	2.4 (1.5–4.1)	<.001
Serum albumin level, g/dL (IQR)	2.7 (2.3–3.4)	2.2 (1.8–2.6)	.10
Serum sodium level, mmol/L (IQR)	137 (134–139)	135 (130–139)	.16
White blood count, 1000/mL (IQR)	11.3 (7.4–13.9)	12.5 (7.7–19.9)	.03b
Indication for ICU care, %
Gastrointestinal bleed	26	22
Renal failure	15	9
Infection/sepsis	23	25
Admitted to ICU directly or transferred within 3 d of hospitalization, %	83	75	.07
Mechanical ventilation, %	64	77	.01
Renal replacement therapy, %	32	42	.035
Vasopressor use, %	43	78	<.001
Length of stay, d, median (IQR)
Total hospitalization	11 (8–19)	8 (4–16)	.6
ICU	4 (2–9)	3 (2–9)	.4

INR, international normalized ratio; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; SD, standard deviation.

^aOthers include Budd Chiari syndrome, nodular regenerative hyperplasia, α-1 antitrypsin deficiency, and secondary biliary cirrhosis.

^bThere were no predefined criteria for establishing indications for ICU admission at both centers, limiting this to a strictly descriptive comparison.