Table 1. Association of entry cardiovascular risk factors with visceral adiposity at the time of CTA imaging.
| Relative visceral adipose volume | |||||
| Characteristic | Quartile 1 (n = 65) | Quartile 2 (n = 65) | Quartile 3 (n = 65) | Quartile 4 (n = 65) | P value |
| Age (years) | 70 (62–76) | 68 (61–75) | 72 (65–76) | 70 (64–76) | 0.188 |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 26.8 (23.7–29.9) | 28.7 (24.2–31.1) | 28.7 (25.1–31.4) | 28.4 (26.1–31.7) | 0.240 |
| Coronary Heart Disease | 28 (43) | 38 (58) | 31 (48) | 38 (58) | 0.193 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 15 (23) | 18 (28) | 21 (32) | 30 (46) | 0.031 |
| Ever smoked | 55 (85) | 54 (83) | 58 (89) | 59 (91) | 0.512 |
| History of Stroke | 6 (9) | 6 (9) | 4 (6) | 11 (17) | 0.219 |
| Hypertension | 50 (77) | 46 (71) | 50 (77) | 57 (88) | 0.131 |
| Male gender | 16 (25) | 53 (82) | 58 (89) | 65 (100) | <0.001 |
| Waist Circumference (cm) | 95.5 (80.5–105.8) | 98.0 (84.0–108.0) | 105.0 (92.0–118.0) | 106.0 (92.0–118.0) | 0.016 |
| Abdominal aortic aneurysm | 19 (29) | 25 (38) | 33 (51) | 29 (45) | 0.078 |
| Intermittent claudication | 40 (62) | 32 (49) | 27 (42) | 29 (45) | 0.110 |
| AAA & IC | 6 (9) | 8 (12) | 5 (8) | 7 (11) | 0.836 |
| Medications | |||||
| Aspirin | 43 (66) | 46 (71) | 42 (65) | 45 (69) | 0.872 |
| ACE inhibitor | 21 (32) | 31 (48) | 26 (40) | 29 (45) | 0.307 |
| Angiotensin receptor blocker | 17 (26) | 8 (12) | 9 (14) | 16 (25) | 0.092 |
| Beta-Blocker | 25 (38) | 29 (45) | 18 (28) | 24 (37) | 0.251 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 22 (34) | 16 (25) | 22 (34) | 24 (37) | 0.469 |
| Other anti-platelet | 9 (14) | 11 (17) | 8 (12) | 12 (18) | 0.757 |
| Statin | 40 (62) | 44 (68) | 36 (55) | 41 (63) | 0.544 |
| Warfarin | 7 (11) | 8 (12) | 5 (8) | 5 (8) | 0.754 |
| Cardiovascular Outcomes | |||||
| Follow-up (years) | 2.7 (1.0–4.6) | 3.7 (1.3–5.5) | 2.3 (1.0–4.0) | 2.9 (1.6–4.8) | 0.306 |
| Myocardial infarction | 9 (14) | 8 (12) | 1 (2) | 8 (12) | 0.072 |
| Stroke | 3 (5) | 2 (3) | 3 (5) | 2 (3) | 0.937 |
| Death | 16 (25) | 11 (17) | 14 (22) | 15 (23) | 0.735 |
| ≥1 event* | 22 (34) | 17 (26) | 16 (25) | 21 (32) | 0.586 |
| Computed Tomography Imaging Morphology | |||||
| Infra-renal aorta measurements | |||||
| Maximum orthogonal φ (mm) | 23.3 (19.3–41.4) | 29.8 (21.7–45.2) | 43.5 (23.2–55.9) | 35.7 (24.3–48.1) | <0.001 |
| Total volume (cm3) | 35.1 (22.1–90.6) | 46.0 (27.9–107.0) | 98.3 (32.0–153.1) | 77.0 (35.5–115.6) | <0.001 |
| Abdominal Fat Measurements | |||||
| Total volume (cm3) | 3895.8 (2145.8–5835.9) | 3655.1 (2247.6–4938.4) | 4047.5 (3238.2–5184.7) | 4865.9 (3803.0–5641.0) | |
| Visceral volume (cm3) | 909.1 (380.0–1558.0) | 1654.3 (927.7–2058.9) | 2169.6 (1675.0–2809.1) | 3112.3 (2562.2–3773.4) | , |
| Relative visceral adipose volume | 0.258 (0.203–0.319) | 0.432 (0.407–0.450) | 0.524 (0.494–0.555) | 0.639 (0.607–0.704) | |
Categorical variables are presented as numbers (%) and compared by Chi-square tests. Numerical variables are presented as median (inter-quartile range) and compared by Kruskal-Wallis tests. AAA = Abdominal aortic aneurysm; IC = intermittent claudication; ACE = Angiotensin converting enzyme; φ = Diameter.
≥1 event (stroke, myocardial infarction or death). Relative visceral adipose volume = visceral-to-total abdominal adipose volume ratio. Quartiles are stratified by relative visceral adipose volume in ascending order. Body mass index and waist circumference data was missing for 10 and 99 patients respectively. The significance level is 0.05. Italicised font denotes significance.