Nonpharmacologic |
Patient education |
Management of extraarticular manifestations: use of topical corticosteroids, mydriatic agents, cycloplegics |
Physical therapy |
Occupational therapy |
Pharmacologic |
Acute presentation |
NSAIDs: COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors |
Antibiotics: tetracycline, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin |
Chronic or refractory presentation |
Second-line or DMARDs: sulfasalazine, methotrexate, cyclosporine, gold salts, leflunomide, 6-mercaptopurine, levamisole, bromocriptine |
Biological agents: infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab, thalidomide |