Table 1.
Nucleotide sequence of 5′-UTRs from various Arabidopsis genes used in this study
| Locus | GFP (%) | Sequence (−21 to −1) | Similarity (%) | Function | Length |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT1G67090 | 100 | CACAAAGAGTAAAGAAGAACA | 100 | Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small chain 1A | 175 |
| AT1G35720 | 192 | AACACTAAAAGTAGAAGAAAA | 57 | Annexin | 107 |
| AT5G45900 | 104 | CTCAGAAAGATAAGATCAGCC | 57 | Ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme atg7 | 82 |
| AT5G61250 | 85 | AACCAATCGAAAGAAACCAAA | 52 | Heparanase-like protein 2 | 81 |
| AT5G46430 | 30 | CTCTAATCACCAGGAGTAAAA | 48 | 60S ribosomal protein L32-2 | 45 |
| AT5G47110 | 1 | GAGAGAGATCTTAACAAAAAA | 48 | Chlorophyll A-B binding family protein | 79 |
| AT1G03110 | 90 | TGTGTAACAACAACAACAACA | 43 | Transducin/WD-40 repeat-containing protein | 113 |
| AT3G12380 | 74 | CCGCAGTAGGAAGAGAAAGCC | 43 | Actin-related protein 5 | 522 |
| AT5G45910 | 43 | AAAAAAAAAAGAAATCATAAA | 43 | GDSL esterase/lipase | 37 |
| AT1G58420 | 208 | ATTATTACATCAAAACAAAAA | 38 | Uncharacterized conserved protein UCP031279 | 28 |
| AT5G44520 | 131 | CGTTCTTCCCACACAAAAAAA | 38 | NagB/RpiA/CoA transferase-like superfamily protein | 86 |
| AT1G07260 | 65 | GAGAGAAGAAAGAAGAAGACG | 38 | UDP-glycosyltransferase | 141 |
| AT3G55500 | 34 | CAATTAAAAATACTTACCAAA | 38 | Expansin-A16 | 80 |
| AT3G46230 | 2 | GCAAACAGAGTAAGCGAAACG | 38 | 17.4 kDa class I heat shock protein | 108 |
| AT2G36170 | 88 | GCGAAGAAGACGAACGCAAAG | 33 | Ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40-1 | 59 |
| AT1G10660 | 33 | TTAGGACTGTATTGACTGGCC | 33 | Putative uncharacterized protein | 257 |
| AT4G14340 | 25 | ATCATCGGAATTCGGAAAAAG | 33 | Casein kinase 1-like protein 11 | 330 |
| AT1G49310 | 13 | AAAACAAAAGTTAAAGCAGAC | 33 | Putative uncharacterized protein | 42 |
| AT4G14360 | 55 | TTTATCTCAAATAAGAAGGCA | 29 | Probable methyltransferase PMT3 | 382 |
| AT1G28520 | 30 | GGTGGGGAGGTGAGATTTCTT | 29 | Transcription factor VOZ1 | 157 |
| AT1G20160 | 2 | TGATTAGGAAACTACAAAGCC | 29 | Subtilisin-like serine endopeptidase-like protein | 37 |
| AT5G37370 | 103 | CATTTTTCAATTTCATAAAAC | 24 | Pre-mRNA-splicing factor 38B | 148 |
| AT4G11320 | 1 | TTACTTTTAAGCCCAACAAAA | 24 | Probable cysteine proteinase | 82 |
| AT5G40850 | 10 | GGCGTGTGTGTGTGTTGTTGA | 19 | Urophorphyrin III methylase | 304 |
| AT1G06150 | 9 | GTGGTGAAGGGGAAGGTTTAG | 14 | Transcription factor EMB1444 | 503 |
| AT2G26080 | 19 | TTGTTTTTTTTTGGTTTGGTT | 10 | Glycine dehydrogenase | 42 |
Nucleotide sequences were obtained from 5′-UTRs (nucleotide positions −1 to −21) of 25 different genes. The translational efficiency of these 5′-UTRs was determined using GFP levels (GFP) (Figure 2B) and their relative expression levels were presented with the function (Function) of the encoded proteins and putative full length (Length) of their 5′-UTRs. The sequence similarity score is the percentage of how many nucleotides out of the 21 nt-long 5′-UTR are identical to that of the AT1G67090 (RbcS1A) 5′-UTR.