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. 2004 Feb 23;4:6. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-4-6

Table 2.

Description of included studies – In-house PCR testsa

Country, year Independent comparison Cross-sectional study design Double or single blind Consecutive or random sample Prospective data collection Type of testb sequence) (target Reference standardc Study qualityd No. of pleural specimens or Subjects with TB/No. without TB Sensitivity (95% CI)e Specificity (95% CI)
Brazil,[24] 2000 Yes No Yes Yes Partly PCR (16S rRNA) Culture/clinical Medium 28/17 0.89 (0.71, 0.97) 1.00 (0.80, 1.00)
Spain,[25] 2000 Yes No Yes Yes Yes PCR (IS6110) Culture/clinical Medium 9/16 0.89 (0.51, 0.99) 1.00 (0.79, 1.00)
China,[27] 1996 Yes Yes Unknown Yes Unknown PCR (IS6110/38 kDa) Culture Medium 25/76 0.44 (0.25, 0.65) 0.99 (0.92, 1.00)
India,[29] 1998 Yes No Yes Unknown Yes PCR (MPB64) Culture/clinical Medium 28/16 0.61 (0.41, 0.78) 0.94 (0.68, 1.00)
France,[30] 1992 Yes No No No Partly PCR (IS6110) Culture/biopsy Low 15/10 0.60 (0.33, 0.82) 1.00 (0.69, 1.00)
France,[30] 1992 Yes No No No Partly PCR (65 kDa) Culture/biopsy Low 15/10 0.20 (0.05, 0.48) 1.00 (0.69, 1.00)
S. Africa,[31] 1992 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes PCR (336 bp repetitive sequence) Culture/biopsy High 50/31 0.82 (0.68, 0.91) 0.77 (0.59, 0.90)
S. Africa,[32] 1990 Yes Yes Yes Unknown Unknown Unknown PCR (336 bp repetitive sequence) Culture Medium 11/5 1.00 (0.72, 1.00) 1.00 (0.48, 1.00)
India,[36] 2001 Yes Yes Yes No Yes PCR (IS6110) Culture Medium 4/26 0.25 (0.01, 0.78) 0.96 (0.79, 1.00)
Chile,[38] 1993 Yes No Yes Unknown Unknown PCR (65 kDa) Culture/microscopy Medium 15/11 0.93 (0.66, 1.00) 1.00 (0.72, 1.00)
Mexico et al,[39] 2001 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes PCR (465 bp sequence) Culture High 3/12 0.33 (0.02, 0.87) 0.83 (0. 51, 0.97)
France,[40] 1996 Yes No No Yes Yes PCR (IS6110) Culture/biopsy Medium 17/25 0.76 (0.50, 0.92) 1.00 (0.86, 1.00)
Brazil,[41] 2000 Yes Yes Yes Yes Partly PCR (MPB64) Culture/biopsy High 19/11 0.68 (0.44, 0.86) 0.91 (0.57, 0.99)
Japan,[43] 1993 Yes Yes Unknown Unknown Unknown PCR (38 kDa) Culture Low 5/105 0.80 (0.30, 0.99) 0.93 (0.86, 0.97)
India,[45] 2001 Yes Yes Yes Unknown No PCR (150 bp sequence) Microscopy/biopsy High 20/40 0.70 (0.46, 0.87) 1.00 (0.91, 1.00)
Taiwan,[47] 1990 Yes Yes Unknown Unknown Unknown PCR (65 kDa) Culture Medium 11/37 1.00 (0.72, 1.00) 0.78 (0.61, 0.90)
India,[48] 2000 Yes Yes Unknown Unknown Unknown PCR (IS6110/TRC4) Culture/microscopy Medium 30/20 1.00 (0.88, 1.00) 0.70 (0.46, 0.87)
Mexico,[50] 2000 Yes No Yes Yes Yes PCR (IS6110) Culture/biopsy High 17/56 0.94 (0.69, 1.00) 1.00 (0.94, 1.00)
Spain,[51] 1995 Yes No Yes Yes Yes PCR (IS6110) Culture/biopsy High 21/86 0.81 (0.58, 0.94) 0.98 (0.91, 1.00)
Thailand,[53] 2000 Yes Yes Unknown Yes Yes PCR (16S rRNA) Culture/biopsy High 36/62 0.72 (0.55, 0.85) 0.53 (0.40, 0.66)
Singapore,[57] 1995 Yes No Unknown Unknown Unknown PCR (IS6110) Culture/biopsy Low 10/13 0.70 (0.36, 0.92) 1.00 (0.75, 1.00)
Singapore,[57] 1995 Yes No Unknown Unknown Unknown PCR (MPB64) Culture/biopsy Low 10/13 0.70 (0.36, 0.92) 1.00 (0.75, 1.00)
Singapore,[56] 1997 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes PCR (IS6110) Culture/clinical High 16/49 1.00 (0.79, 1.00) 0.88 (0.75, 0.95)
India,[58] 1995 Yes No Yes No Yes PCR (150 bp sequence) Clinical/biopsy Medium 38/29 0.63 (0.46, 0.78) 0.93 (0.76, 0.99)
Colombia,[59] 2000 Yes Yes Yes Yes No PCR (IS6110) Culture/biopsy High 42/70 0.74 (0.58, 0.86) 0.90 (0.80, 0.96)
Spain,[60] 1998 Yes Yes Yes No Yes PCR (IS6110) Culture/biopsy High 33/98 0.42 (0.26, 0.61) 0.99 (0.94, 1.00)

aIncorporates additional information provided by authors of the primary studies bType of test: PCR: polymerase chain reaction cReference standard: culture refers to culture of pleural fluid/sputum/biopsy; biopsy refers to pleural biopsy; clinical refers to data such as signs and symptoms, response to therapy, and pleural fluid analysis dSee text for description of quality assessment eCI: Confidence Interval