Table 3.
Changes in dietary intake at baseline and follow-up by SNAP participation groups
| Received SNAP (n=64) | Did not receive SNAP (n=43) | Effect of SNAP participationa |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Follow-up | Baseline | Follow-up | Change | 95% CI | |
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |||
| Foods and food groups (in servings/day) | ||||||
| High-fat dairy | 0.5 ± 0.4 | 0.7 ± 0.7 | 0.5 ± 0.6 | 0.8 ± 0.0 | 0.0 | −0.4, 0.4 |
| Low-fat dairy | 0.3 ± 0.4 | 0.4 ± 0.6 | 0.4 ± 0.6 | 0.4 ± 0.5 | 0.0 | −0.3, 0.2 |
| Fruits | 0.9 ± 0.7 | 0.9 ± 0.7 | 1.0 ± 1.0 | 1.1 ± 0.7 | −0.2 | −0.7, 0.3 |
| Vegetables | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 1.2 ± 0.9 | 1.2 ± 1.1 | 0.7 ± 0.3 | 0.4 | −0.1, 0.9 |
| Processed meat | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.2 ± 0.0 | 0.2 ± 0.0 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | −0.1 | −0.2, 0.1 |
| Whole grains | 0.8 ± 0.0 | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 0.8 ± 0.3 | 0.9 ± 0.6 | −0.2 | −0.6, 0.1 |
| Refined grains | 3.7 ± 0.7 | 4.2 ± 1.3 | 3.5 ± 0.0 | 3.5 ± 1.0 | 1.1* | 0.2, 2.0 |
| Salty snacks | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.3 ± 0.0 | 0.2 ± 0.0 | 0.0 | −0.1, 0.1 |
| Sweets and bakery desserts | 0.7 ± 0.4 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.0 | 0.5 ± 0.3 | 0.4 | −0.1, 1.0 |
| Sugar-sweetened beverages | 1.0 ± 0.8 | 0.8 ± 1.0 | 0.8 ± 0.7 | 1.0 ± 1.1 | −0.3 | −0.9, 0.3 |
| Nutrients | ||||||
| Total energy, kcal | 1356 ± 509 | 1486 ± 434 | 1345 ± 405 | 1514 ± 478 | −1 | −249, 247 |
| Carbohydrates (% energy) | 49.1 ± 6.7 | 48.6 ± 4.5 | 48.4 ± 0.0 | 50.6 ± 7.0 | −0.9 | −5.2, 3.5 |
| Protein (% energy) | 16.4 ± 1.8 | 16.9 ± 1.8 | 16.5 ± 0.0 | 16.8 ± 3.6 | −0.5 | −2.6, 1.6 |
| Total fat (% energy) | 36.4 ± 5.4 | 36.5 ± 3.5 | 37.0 ± 9.7 | 34.1 ± 7.8 | 1.9 | −2.1, 5.8 |
| Saturated fat (% energy) | 11.6 ± 1.1 | 11.5 ± 1.9 | 10.7 ± 2.4 | 11.0 ± 3.1 | −0.1 | −1.8, 1.6 |
| Cholesterol, mg/day | 188 ± 69 | 216 ± 0 | 205 ± 93 | 220 ± 70 | −4 | −54, 47 |
| Dietary fiber, g/day | 10.2 ± 1.8 | 11.1 ± 2.8 | 11.5 ± 3.9 | 11.3 ± 3.5 | −0.4 | −2.3, 1.6 |
| Folate, mg/day | 272 ± 0 | 291 ± 58 | 292 ± 79 | 302 ± 61 | 10 | −42, 61 |
| Sodium, mg/day | 2259 ± 223 | 2528 ± 357* | 2451 ± 488 | 2395 ± 427 | 181 | −108, 470 |
| Potassium, mg/day | 1758 ± 290 | 2014 ± 443* | 1845 ± 342 | 2030 ± 394 | 68 | −216, 351 |
| Calcium, mg/day | 597 ± 219 | 683 ± 275* | 632 ± 152 | 745 ± 135 | −14 | −165, 137 |
| Iron, mg/day | 10.7 ± 0.0 | 10.5 ± 0.6 | 10.7 ± 3.1 | 11.5 ± 1.6 | −0.7 | −2.2, 0.8 |
a
Adjusted for age category, sex, marital status, general health status, weight status, and baseline food security.
*
P<0.05 for within-group changes