Table 3.
Comparison of prognostic variables in HCC patients with paraneoplastic hypercalcemia, hypercholesterolemia, and erythrocytosis against those without paraneoplastic syndromes.
| Prognostic variable | Without PNS | Paraneoplastic hypercholesterolemia | Paraneoplastic hypercalcemia | Paraneoplastic erythrocytosis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 330) | (n = 112) | P* | (n = 24) | P* | (n = 18) | P* | |
| Young age (≤40 y) | 28 (8.5%) | 9 (8.0%) | NS | 6 (25.0%) | 0.020 | 2 (11.1%) | NS |
| AFP ≥ 12,000 μg/L | 88 (26.7%) | 54 (48.2%) | <0.001 | 14 (58.3%) | 0.003 | 9 (50%) | NS |
| Bilobar disease | 158 (47.9%) | 65 (58.0%) | NS | 18 (75.0%) | 0.013 | 8 (44.4%) | NS |
| Multiple lesions | 216 (65.5%) | 82 (73.2%) | NS | 22 (91.7%) | 0.022 | 10 (55.6%) | NS |
| Portal vein invasion | 141 (50.9%) | 67 (59.8%) | NS | 15 (62.5%) | NS | 13 (72.2%) | NS |
| Distant metastases | 59 (17.9%) | 23 (20.5%) | NS | 8 (33.3%) | NS | 4 (22.2%) | NS |
| TNM stage (I&II/III&IV) |
110/220 (33.3%/66.7%) |
22/90 (19.6%/80.4%) |
0.049 | 2/22 (8.3%/91.7%) |
0.024 | 4/14 (22.2%/77.8%) |
NS |
| Child-Pugh A/B/C | 146/135/49 (44%/41%/15%) |
48/46/18 (43%/41%/16%) |
NS | 9/12/3 (38%/50%/12%) |
NS | 11/7/0 (61%/39%/0%) |
NS |
PNS: paraneoplastic syndromes; NS: not statistically significant (P > 0.05).
P*: comparison against patients without PNS.