Representative autoradiographic images depicting the specificity of the 35S-labeled cRNA probes of ERα, ERβ, and Kiss1 in the adult female rat brain. A–C: Labeling for ERα, was visible in the AVPV (A), ARC (C), and VMNvl (C), all regions known to contain ERα, but not the PVN (B), a region known to be devoid of ERα. G–I: Labeling for ERβ was robust in the AVPV (G) and PVN (H) but not the VMNvl (I), a region devoid of ERβ in adulthood. M,O: Kiss1 labeling was confined to the AVPV (M) and, caudally, within the RP3V, along with the ARC (O), as expected. No signal above background was present on any of the autoradiographs generated with the sense probes. D–F: ERα sense labeling. J–L: ERβ sense labeling. N,P: Kiss1 sense labeling. For abbreviations, see list. Scale bar = 2 µm in A (applies to A–P).