Table 4.

Results From Multilevel Models for Process Measures of Quality (Laplace Estimated Coefficients and p Values)

Measure	Physical Restraints (N = 5,208)	Toileting Program (N = 5,241)	Range of Motion Training (N = 5,204)	ADL Training (N = 5,204)
Unit-level direct care hours/day
Avg. RN	0.54	−0.58	−1.91	−0.88
Avg. LPN	−0.78	−1.10	0.32	0.24
Avg. unlicensed	−0.73	0.21	0.12	−0.58
Resident-level direct care hours/day
RN	−0.06	−0.13	−0.05	−0.11
LPN	0.11	−0.11	−0.06	−0.05
Aide	0.78**	0.60***	0.58***	0.42***
Activity staff	−0.28	2.64***	−0.43	1.11
Unit-level risk adjustors
Alzheimer special care unit		1.28**
State – Colorado		—	3.27**	1.61**
State – Indiana		—	2.70**	0.74
State – Minnesota	1.27**	−2.52**	—	−1.34*
Unit % RUG Clinically Complex		2.55
Avg. ADL	0.09**		0.16**
Avg. CPS score			−0.83**
Resident-level risk adjustors
Age	−0.10 *	0.02**	−0.01*	0.01
CPS score	0.48**	0.08**	0.10**	−0.16**
Dementia	−0.37**
Female		0.15
Length of stay <45 days		−0.55**	−1.71**	−0.98**
RUG Special Care/ Extensive		−0.37**		−0.75**
Sum of range of motion limitations			0.16**

Notes: Covariates with p ≥ .10 were excluded from the final models; cells in the table corresponding to these covariates have been left blank. ADL = activity of daily living; Avg. = average; RN = registered nurse; LPN = licensed practical nurse; RUG = Resource Utilization Group III; CPS = Cognitive Performance Scale.

^*p < .05;

^**p < .01;

^***p < .001.