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Effects of MDMA (3 mg·kg−1) and HHMA (3 mg·kg−1) alone and in combination with propranolol (1 mg·kg−1) on HR. The filled bars indicate that both MDMA and HHMA significantly (P < 0.05) increased HR compared with saline-treated controls. Significant increases in HR were not observed for MDMA and HHMA following pretreatment with propranolol. Propranolol alone did not significantly affect HR. n = 4 for every condition.
