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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Immunol Rev. 2014 Jan;257(1):10.1111/imr.12131. doi: 10.1111/imr.12131

Fig. 5. Overcoming tumor-mediated immunosuppression.

Fig. 5

Countermeasures can be divided into the following strategies: 1) increasing the level of CAR-T-cell activation or decreasing physiological downregulation; 2) engineering the CAR-T cells to be resistant to the immune evasion strategies used by the tumor; and 3) targeting the cellular components of tumor stroma.