Table 1.

Basic characteristics of all the subjects

	Total (n = 106)	Men (n = 61)	Women (n = 45)	P value
Age (y)	47.39 ± 13.88	44.70 ± 15.21	50.98 ± 11.04	0.016
BMI (kg/m2)	26.69 ± 3.48	26.90 ± 3.45	26.39 ± 3.54	0.459
Waist (cm)	91.88 ± 10.04	94.26 ± 9.59	88.64 ± 9.82	0.004
WHR	0.92 ± 0.07	0.95 ± 0.06	0.89 ± 0.07	<0.001
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	129.05 ± 19.57	130.67 ± 16.57	126.84 ± 23.04	0.322
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	81.45 ± 11.25	82.93 ± 10.50	79.44 ± 12.02	0.115
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.97 ± 0.83	4.93 ± 0.77	5.03 ± 0.92	0.532
Triglycerides (mmol/L)lg	2.15 ± 1.22	2.54 ± 1.37	1.63 ± 0.74	<0.001
HDL-c (mmol/L)lg	1.16 ± 0.26	1.06 ± 0.18	1.30 ± 0.27	<0.001
LDL-c (mmol/L)	2.89 ± 0.69	2.81 ± 0.62	2.98 ± 0.76	0.217
Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L)lg	5.33 ± 0.76	5.31 ± 0.80	5.35 ± 0.72	0.832
2 h blood glucose (mmol/L)lg	7.30 ± 2.52	7.08 ± 2.51	7.62 ± 2.53	0.289
Fasting insulin (mU/L)lg	10.85 ± 6.95	10.29 ± 7.01	11.61 ± 6.89	0.354
2 h insulin (mU/L)lg	80.51 ± 61.67	77.54 ± 66.68	84.74 ± 54.30	0.574
HOMA-IRlg	2.62 ± 1.76	2.46 ± 1.81	2.84 ± 1.70	0.289
HOMA-βlg	138.36 ± 110.55	136.84 ± 122.41	140.42 ± 93.48	0.874
ALT (U/L)lg	47.23 ± 43.10	56.64 ± 47.86	34.82 ± 32.42	0.011
AST (U/L)lg	33.12 ± 20.13	34.51 ± 19.96	31.24 ± 20.45	0.427
ALP (U/L)	73.06 ± 20.76	74.87 ± 21.86	70.68 ± 19.22	0.333
γ-GT (U/L)lg	49.79 ± 48.67	60.62 ± 58.24	35.54 ± 26.57	0.006
Serum RBP4 (μg/ml)	51.65 ± 11.85	55.96 ± 11.14	45.87 ± 10.31	<0.001
Hepatic fat content (%)lg	7.90 ± 6.89	9.10 ± 6.85	6.26 ± 6.66	0.035

Data are means ± S.D. BMI: body-mass index, WHR: waist-to-hip ratio, HDL-c: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-c: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HOMA-IR: homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, HOMA-β:homeostatic model assessment of β cell function, ALT: alanine aminotransferase, AST: aspartate aminotransferase, γ-GT: γ-glutamyltransferase, RBP4: retinol binding protein 4.

lg: logarithmic transformation with 10 as its base of skewed variables.